- 533 Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Vandals
Henry VIII Goes Bowling
1520 King Henry VIII of England orders the installation of bowling lanes in his palace at Whitehall
- 1552 Khanate of Kazan is conquered by troops of Ivan Grozny
1st Ballet Staged in Paris
1581 The first ballet “Ballet Comique de la Reine,” commissioned by Catherine de Medici, is staged in Paris
1582 Gregorian calendar is introduced in Spain, Portugal, and the Papal States after skipping 10 days from October 4 to sync the calendar to the solar year and compensate for the drift that has occurred due to the Julian calendar having too many leap days
Escape of Charles II
1651 Future King of England Charles II flees England and pursues Parliamentary forces, sailing from Shoreham, West Sussex, to France
- 1654 Prince William of Orange appointed viceroy of Overijssel
- 1655 Jews of Lublin are massacred
- 1660 Asser Levy is granted a butcher’s license for kosher meat in New Amsterdam
- 1674 Torsåker witch trials, the largest witch trials in Sweden, begin; 71 people are beheaded and burned
- 1705 The English fleet under Lord Peterborough occupies Barcelona
- 1724 Cornelis Steenoven becomes the first archbishop of the Old Catholic Church in Utrecht, Netherlands
- 1756 Saxon army surrenders to Prussia
1764 Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing in the ruined Temple of Jupiter in Rome, which inspires him to begin work on “The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”
1816 Lord Byron views the love letters of Lucrezia Borgia and poet Pietro Bembo in Milan and declares them “the prettiest love letters in the world”
- 1846 American Dr. William Thomas Green Morton’s first public use of ether
- 1863 Cliff House opens in San Francisco, first of many on the site
- 1864 Confederate troops occupy Glasgow, Missouri
- 1866 Great fire in Quebec destroys 2,500 homes
- 1877 First session of the US 45th Congress (1877-79) convenes in Washington, D.C.
- 1878 Edison Electric Light Company is incorporated
- 1880 Mexican soldiers kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists
- 1881 “American Angler,” the first American fishing magazine, is published
- 1883 US Supreme Court declares Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional
- 1884 Charles “Old Hoss” Radbourn pitches his 60th win of the season for the MLB Providence Grays in an 8-0 victory over the Quakers in Philadelphia
Night on Bald Mountain
1886 Modest Mussorgsky‘s musical fantasy “Night on Bald Mountain” premieres at Kononov Hall in St. Petersburg, Russia
Ecce Homo
1888 German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche decides to write his autobiography “Ecce Homo” on his 44th birthday
- 1895 Henry Perky patents a machine he develops with William Ford for the preparation of cereals for food, otherwise known as shredded wheat
- 1897 Aaron and Samuel Bloch carry the first mail pouch
- 1899 MLB Cleveland Spiders close out the season by losing both ends of a doubleheader, 16-1 and 19-3, to the Cincinnati Reds on the road; Spiders end the year with a record of 20-134, still holding the record for the fewest wins [1]
- 1904 The Russians are driven back by the Japanese in the Battle of Shaho; both sides suffer heavy casualties: Japanese (16,000) and Russians (60,000)
- 1918 British Q-ship Cymric sinks British submarine J6
- 1919 Fourteen horses begin a 300-mile race from Vermont to Massachusetts for a $1,000 prize
- 1923 American pianist Henry Cowell sparks a riot among audience members due to his avant-garde piano techniques at Gewandhaus concert hall in Leipzig, Germany; some try to physically stop his performance, while others defend him
German Hyperinflation
1923 Chancellor Hans Luther presents a plan for currency reform to stabilize the German mark during hyperinflation
Surrealist Manifesto
1924 André Breton publishes his “Surrealist Manifesto” with Éditions du Sagittaire in Paris
- 1928 Walter Johnson signs a 3-year contract to manage the Senators
- 1932 Tata Airlines (later to become Air India) makes its first flight
- 1933 20th Amendment to the US Constitution goes into effect, changing the start of a presidential term from March to January
Shostakovich’s 1st Piano Concert
1933 Dmitri Shostakovich‘s 1st Piano Concerto premieres in Leningrad, with Shostakovich at the piano
- 1933 Philadelphia Eagles play their first NFL game, losing to the NY Giants 56-0
- 1935 NHL’s St. Louis Eagles fold
- 1937 The Yankees release Tony Lazzeri rather than accept any trade offers
- 1939 LaGuardia Airport opens in New York City
- 1939 Yeshiva of Mir closes after 124 years
The Great Dictator
1940 “The Great Dictator,” a satirical social commentary film by and starring Charlie Chaplin, is released
- 1940 Heavy German air raid on London kills 400 people
- 1940 London’s Waterloo Station is bombed by the German Luftwaffe
- 1941 First mass deportation of German, Austrian, and Czech Jews to Eastern Europe for “resettlement” in labor camps
PM Hideki Tojo
1941 Hideki Tojo is appointed Prime Minister of Imperial Japan
- 1941 Jews caught outside Nazi ghetto walls in occupied Poland can be put to death
- 1941 WWII: Nazi SS-Brigadier General Walter Stahlecker submits a summary report documenting the killing of more than 118,000 unarmed Jewish men, women, and children by men under his command between June 22 and October 15, 1941, during the invasion of the Soviet Union to the Reich Security Main Office in Berlin
- 1942 German 6th Army occupies Tractorenfabriek; 3,000 Germans die
- 1944 The Arrow Cross Party, similar to Hitler’s NSDAP (Nazi Party), takes power in Hungary
- 1945 Baseball attendance hits a record 10.28 million, with the Tigers’ 1.28 million being the highest
- 1948 China’s Red Army occupies Chinchou in Guangdong
- 1949 Administration of the territory of Manipur is taken over by the Indian government
- 1949 Tripura accedes to the Indian Union
Oral Contraceptive
1951 First synthesis of an oral contraceptive (norethindrone) is achieved by Luis E. Miramontes under the direction of Carl Djerassi and George Rosenkranz at the Mexican drug company Syntex
- 1952 Arthur Laurent’s “Time of the Cuckoo” premieres in New York City
Charlotte’s Web
1952 Children’s novel “Charlotte’s Web” by E. B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams is published by Harper & Brothers
The Decisive Moment
1952 Photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson‘s influential photography book “The Decisive Moment” is first published in the US and France
- 1953 John Patrick’s play “Teahouse of the August Moon” premieres in New York
- 1953 KOIN TV channel 6 in Portland, OR (CBS) begins broadcasting
- 1953 WJNL (later WFAT) TV channel 19 in Johnstown, PA (IND) begins broadcasting
- 1954 Hurricane Hazel makes landfall in the US in North Carolina as a Category 4 hurricane; 195 people die in the US and Canada
- 1954 KLTV TV channel 7 in Tyler-Longview, TX (ABC) begins broadcasting
Buddy Holly Lands a Contract
1955 Buddy Holley opens for Bill Haley & His Comets in Lubbock, Texas, and impresses Nashville scout Eddie Crandall, leading to a recording contract with a misspelling that creates “Buddy Holly“
- 1955 Country music radio show “Grand Ole Opry” is first broadcast on television in a live hour-long show by ABC
- 1956 First plane lands safely on water: Pan Am Flight 6 from San Francisco to Honolulu, with all 24 passengers and 7 crew surviving
- 1956 Pyotr Bolotnikov runs a world record 10,000 m (28:42.8)
- 1956 William J. Brennan, Jr. is appointed to the US Supreme Court
- 1957 Giants trade Minneapolis franchise to Red Sox for SF Seals franchises only, not the players
- 1958 Tunisia cuts diplomatic relations with Egypt
- 1958 USSR performs a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1959 KNDO TV channel 23 in Yakima, WA (NBC) begins broadcasting
The Untouchables
1959 TV series “The Untouchables” starring Robert Stack premieres in the US
- 1962 Byron R. White is appointed to the US Supreme Court
- 1962 WLOX TV channel 13 in Biloxi-Gulfport, MS (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1964 American Al Oerter wins his third of four consecutive Olympic men’s discus titles at the Tokyo Olympics, beating Czech Ludvík Daněk by 0.08 m
- 1964 American Don Schollander swims a world record 4:12.2 to win the 400 m freestyle gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics; the second of Schollander’s four gold medals at the Games
- 1964 American sprinter Bob Hayes equals the world record of 10.0 seconds to beat Cuba’s Enrique Figuerola by 0.2 seconds and win the men’s 100 m gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics
- 1964 Australian swimmer Ian O’Brien sets a world record of 2:27.8 to beat Soviet Georgy Prokopenko by 0.4 seconds and win the men’s 200 m breaststroke gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics
- 1964 Soviet rower Vyacheslav Ivanov wins his third consecutive Olympic men’s single sculls gold medal at the Tokyo Games; also the reigning World and European champion
- 1964 US women’s 4 x 100 m freestyle relay team of Sharon Stouder, Donna de Varona, Lillian Watson, and Kathy Ellis swim a world record of 4:03.8 to beat Australia by 3.1 seconds and win the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics
- 1965 WEMT (now WVII) TV channel 7 in Bangor, ME (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1966 Australia bans Troggs’ “I Can’t Control Myself” as “terribly obscene”
Department of Transportation
1966 Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill creating the US Department of Transportation
1967 The Motherland Calls, a monumental statue commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad, is completed in Volgograd, Russia, and is then the world’s tallest statue, designed by Yevgeny Vuchetich
- 1968 American sprinter Wyomia Tyus wins her second consecutive Olympic 100 m title with a world record of 11.08 seconds, beating teammate Barbara Ferrell by 0.08 seconds for the gold medal at the Mexico City Games
- 1968 Australian Ralph Doubell runs a world record 1:44.40 to beat Kenyan Wilson Kiprugut and win the men’s 800m at the Mexico City Olympics
- 1968 British athlete David Hemery sets a world record of 48.12 seconds to beat Gerhard Hennige of West Germany and take the gold medal in the men’s 400 m hurdles at the Mexico City Olympics
- 1968 MLB American League expansion draft: Kansas City Royals pick Baltimore Orioles pitcher Roger Nelson, and Seattle Pilots pick California Angels infielder Don Mincher first as they choose 30 players each
- 1968 The Nationalist Party of Northern Ireland (NPNI) withdraws from its role as the “official” opposition within the Northern Ireland Parliament at Stormont
- 1969 Bank of America World Headquarters (555 California) is dedicated
- 1969 Madison Square Garden TV Network begins broadcasting (Rangers vs. North Stars)
- 1969 Millions nationwide protest against the Vietnam War on Moratorium Day in the US
- 1970 Bridge over the Yarra River in Melbourne, Australia, collapses, killing 35
- 1970 Russian passenger flight hijacked to Turkey
- 1971 The start of the 2,500-year celebration of Iran, commemorating the founding of the Persian Empire
- 1971 World’s first arcade video game, Computer Space, developed by Syzygy, is first demonstrated at the MOA Show in the US
1st WTA Tour Championship
1972 17-year-old American tennis prodigy Chris Evert wins inaugural WTA Tour Championship at Boca Raton, Florida, beating Australian Kerry Melville Reid 7-5, 6-4; Evert not eligible for prize money
- 1972 Omni in Atlanta opens as the Hawks beat the NY Knicks 109-101
Jolene
1973 American country singer-songwriter Dolly Parton releases her single “Jolene,” the title track of her forthcoming album, and tops the country charts in US and Canada
- 1973 Tanks attack demonstrating students in Thailand, killing 300
- 1974 Massachusetts Governor Francis W. Sargent mobilizes National Guard troops to restore order in Boston after the school busing desegregation program spurs racial violence
- 1974 NHL Washington Capitals earn first franchise tie, playing LA Kings to a 1-1 draw
- 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Paul J. Flory for work on macromolecules
- 1975 Iceland moves international boundary from 50 to 200 miles
- 1976 Ringo Starr releases the single “A Dose of Rock ‘n’ Roll,” which peaks at 26 in the US but fails to chart in the UK
- 1977 “Serpentine Fire” single released by Earth, Wind & Fire (Billboard Song of the Year 1978)
- 1977 Arkansas’ Steve Little kicks a record-tying 67-yard field goal
- 1977 Debby Boone’s single “You Light Up My Life” goes #1 and stays #1 for ten weeks
- 1977 Don Ritchie runs a world record 100 miles in 11:30:51
- 1978 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1979 Chinese Premier Hua Guofeng visits Paris
- 1979 In the first Monday night game at Shea Stadium in New York City, Jets beat Vikings 14-7 (Shea Stadium)
- 1979 Military coup in El Salvador: President Carlos Romero flees
NY Nicks Retire #10
1979 The NY Knicks retire Walt Frazier‘s number 10, the second number retired by the Knicks
1983 Nelson Piquet of Brazil finishes third in the season-ending South African Grand Prix at Kyalami to clinch his second Formula 1 World Drivers’ Championship, winning by two points from Alain Prost
- 1983 NHL Chicago Blackhawks and Toronto Maple Leafs combine for the fastest five goals in 84 seconds in a 10-8 Leafs win in Toronto
- 1983 US Marine sharpshooters kill five snipers at Beirut International Airport
- 1984 Central Intelligence Agency Information Act passes
- 1984 Dutch Centrum Party expels second Member of Parliament Hans Janmaat due to fraud
- 1985 Nobel prize in economics is awarded to Franco Modigliani
- 1985 Shelley Taylor of Australia makes the fastest swim around Manhattan Island, completing it in 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 29 seconds
- 1985 Shuttle Columbia carries Spacelab into orbit
- 1986 In the longest postseason game, Mets beat Astros 7-6 in 16 innings and win NL pennant
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1986 Yuan T. Lee is the first Taiwanese Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, alongside Dudley R. Herschbach and John C. Polanyi, for work on the “dynamics of chemical elementary processes” [1]
- 1987 Coup in Burkina Faso: President Sankara dies
- 1987 Lanford Wilson’s play “Burn This” premieres in New York City
- 1987 NFL Players Association orders an end to a 24-day strike; the union fails to achieve demands in the short term with no collective bargaining agreement in place
- 1987 Sixth Belgium government of Martens falls
- 1987 The Great Storm of 1987 hits France and England
- 1988 NCAA record rushing yardage (768 yards – Oklahoma)
Billy Graham’s Hollywood Star
1989 American radio and television evangelist Billy Graham receives the 1,900th star on Hollywood Boulevard, becoming the first clergyman to be granted a star
Political Prisoners Freed
1989 South African President F. W. de Klerk frees ANC leader Walter Sisulu and four other political prisoners
All-time Top Scorer
1989 Wayne Gretzky surpasses Gordie Howe as the NHL’s all-time top scorer
Justice Thomas Confirmed
1991 Clarence Thomas is confirmed as a US Supreme Court Justice by a vote of 52-48
- 1991 Oh-My-God particle, the most powerful cosmic ray ever detected by the Fly’s Eye camera at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, measures 320 EeV, 40 million times more powerful than any terrestrial particle accelerator [1]
First Liberian Civil War
1992 Charles Taylor launches an offensive against Monrovia, Liberia
- 1992 Howard Stern Radio Show begins broadcasting on WLUP-AM in Chicago, Illinois
- 1992 NYC Subway motorman Robert Ray is convicted of manslaughter in the deaths of five riders after he falls asleep drunk while in control of the train
- 1993 Amstel Brewery on Curaçao produces its 1,000,000,000th bottle
- 1993 Late-night talk show “The Chevy Chase Show” airs its final episode on FOX TV after being canceled after five weeks
- 1994 Botswana President Ketumile Masire’s BDP wins the parliamentary election
- 1994 Philip Glass’s Symphony No. 2 for string orchestra premieres with the Brooklyn Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Dennis Russell Davies, at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York City
- 1994 President Jean-Baptiste Aristide returns to Haiti
- 1995 Carolina Panthers win their first game, defeating the NY Jets 26-15
- 1997 A New York jury awards boxer Mitch Green $45,000 in a civil lawsuit against Mike Tyson for a street brawl in 1988
- 1997 Britain’s Andy Green sets jet-powered car record of 763.035 mph (1,227.985 km/h)
- 1997 Former US Representative Dan Rostenkowski is released from custody for mail fraud
- 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Jens Christian Skou, Paul D. Boyer, and John E. Walker for their work on enzymes in the body
- 1997 The US launches the nuclear-powered Cassini spacecraft to Saturn
- 2000 ICC Men’s Cricket KnockOut Trophy, Gymkhana Club, Nairobi: New Zealand wins its first international title with a 4-wicket victory over India; Man of the Match: Chris Cairns, New Zealand 102 not out (113)
Curb Your Enthusiasm
2000 Larry David‘s comedy show “Curb Your Enthusiasm” debuts on HBO
Museo de Antioquia
2000 Museo de Antioquia reopens in Medellín, Colombia, featuring works and sculptures donated by Medellín-born artist Fernando Botero
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