- 534 Second and final revision of the Justinian Code is published, a codified set of imperial and classical laws initially begun in 528
- 1491 The case of the ‘Holy Child of La Guardia’, involving the kidnapping and murdering a Christian boy, concludes with public burning at the stake of nine Jews in Ávila, Spain
- 1519 City of Havana moves to its current location to avoid mosquito infestations
1532 Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captures Inca Emperor Atahualpa after a surprise ambush at Cajamarca in the Peruvian Andes
- 1572 Troops under Spanish General Fadrique Alvarez de Toledo occupy and plunder Zutphen, Netherlands
1581 Tsar Ivan the Terrible attacks his son and heir, Ivan Ivanovich, with a scepter after an argument leading to the latter’s death three days later
Battle of Lützen
1632 Battle of Lützen: significant battle of Thirty Years’ War – Swedish and Saxon forces defeat the Holy Roman Empire, at cost of the death of Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus
Oration for Henrietta Maria
1669 French state funeral for Henrietta Maria, princess of France, widow of English King Charles I, at St Denis with famous oration by Bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
- 1676 First colonial prison organized in Nantucket, Massachusetts
- 1677 French troops occupy Freiburg
- 1700 Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I and Elector of Brandenburg Frederick I sign the Crown Treaty, allowing Prussia to be elevated to a kingdom in exchange for 8,000 troops in the upcoming War of the Spanish Succession
- 1764 Native Americans surrender to the British during Pontiac’s War of Odawa Chief Pontiac
- 1771 Dutch West India Company and Amsterdam divide Suriname between themselves
- 1776 1st gun salute for an American warship in a foreign port – US Andrew Doria at Fort St Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean isalnd)
- 1776 American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian troops take Fort Washington, New York marking one of biggest losses by US forces
- 1798 Kentucky becomes first state to nullify an act of Congress
- 1801 First edition of New York Evening Post
- 1805 Battle at Schongrabern: Russian army stop French
- 1824 New York City’s Fifth Avenue opens for business
Extracts from Letters to Henslow
1835 “Extracts from Letters to Henslow”, a collection of letters written by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the Beagle, is read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society and later published as a pamphlet
1839 US diplomat John Lloyd Stephens and British artist Frederick Catherwood first reach the ruins of the Maya city of Copan (modern Honduras)
Dostoevsky Sentenced
1849 Russian court sentences Fyodor Dostoevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor
- 1856 Amsterdam post office at Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal opens
- 1863 Battle of Campbell’s Station TN, 492 causalities
- 1864 Confederate retreat at Lovejoy, Georgia
- 1870 Spanish Parliament, “the Cortes” formally elects Italian Prince Amedeo Ferdinando Maria as King Amadeo I of Spain
- 1875 Battle of Gundet: Ethiopian emperor Yohannes beats Egyptians
- 1875 William Bonwill patents the first electrified dental mallet to fill cavities with gold
- 1882 British gunboat HMS Flirt fires at and destroys villages of Abari and Asaba on the Forcado River in Niger, in retaliation for attack on British owned factory that left 5 Brits missing
- 1894 6,000 Armenians massacred by Turks in Kurdistan
- 1894 French captain Henri Decoeurs troops reach Nikki, West Africa
- 1900 Inaugural concert by the Philadelphia Orchestra, led by Fritz Scheel at the Academy of Music; program includes works of Carl Goldmark, Ludwig von Beethoven, Piotr Tchaikovsky, Carl Maria von Weber, and Richard Wagner, with Russian pianist Ossip Gabrilowitsch as soloist [1]
- 1901 Three-car race on Ocean Parkway, Brooklyn, with the fastest speed achieved by Henri Fournier, who drives a mile in 51 4/5 seconds
- 1903 V Herbert & H Smith’s musical “Babette” premieres in NYC
- 1905 Dutch Russian Count Witte becomes Prime Minister of Russia
- 1907 Oklahoma becomes the United States 46th state
- 1916 I. Berlin, V. Herbert, H. Blossoms musical premieres in NYC
- 1916 Russian La Satannaya ammunition factory explodes, killing 1,000
- 1917 British occupy Tel Aviv and Jaffa
- 1918 Hungarian People’s Republic declared
- 1919 Admiral Miklós Horthy, head of the Hungarian National Army, seizes Budapest and will later become regent of the restored Kingdom of Hungary
- 1920 1st postage stamp meter is set in Stamford Conn
- 1920 Australia’s Qantas airways founded in Winton, Queensland as Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited
1922 Ottoman Caliph, Sultan Mehmed VI asks the British army for help
- 1924 Cleveland Bulldogs lose, 12-7 to Frankford Yellow Jackets at Dunn Field; ends 31-game undefeated streak; NFL and major-league football record
- 1925 American Association for Advancement of Atheism forms (NY)
- 1925 Philip Barry’s play “In a Garden” premieres in NYC
- 1926 New York Rangers ice hockey club first game; beat Montreal Maroons, 1-0 at Madison Square Garden, NYC
Getulio Vargas Dictator
1933 Brazilian President Getulio Vargas declares himself dictator
- 1933 Swiss physicist Fritz Zwicky publishes the first evidence for the existence of dark matter in his seminal article “The Redshift of Extragalactic Nebulae” [1]
US Establishes Relations with the USSR
1933 US President Franklin Roosevelt establishes diplomatic relations with USSR
- 1936 German air force begins bombing of Madrid
- 1937 Several members of the Hesse-Darmstadt royal family die in a plane crash in Belgium while enroute to a family wedding in England; mother and brother of the groom among the dead as aircraft clipped a tall factory chimney
- 1938 K B Regiment refuses round-table conference in East-India
LSD
1938 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is first synthesized by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland
- 1939 German U-boat torpedoes tanker Sliedrecht near Ireland
- 1940 World War II: In response to Germany’s leveling of Coventry, England two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.
- 1941 German troops conquer Kertsh (probably)
- 1942 Assault of US B-17 Flying Fortresses on airport at Sidi Ahmed
- 1943 WW II: American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway
- 1944 US 9th division & 1st Army attacks at Geilenkirchen
- 1945 Founding of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
- 1945 Two new elements discovered by Glenn Seaborg, James, Morgan and Albert Ghiorso were are announced: americium (atomic number 95) and curium (atomic number 96)
- 1945 Yeshiva College (University), chartered in NY, 1st US Jewish College
- 1947 15,000 demonstrate in Brussels against mild sentence of Nazis
- 1950 Egyptian King Faruk demands departure of all British troops
- 1950 UN gets US government approval to issue postage stamps
- 1950 US President Harry Truman proclaims emergency crisis caused by communist threat
- 1952 Papagos’ Greek Concentratie wins Greeks parliamentary election
- 1955 Sultan Sidi Mohammed Ben Yussuph V returns to Morocco
- 1956 Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor, named Musical Director of La Scala Teatro in Milan, Italy
- 1957 American murderer and bodysnatcher Ed Gein kills his last victim
1957 BBC’s 1st pop music show, the “Six-Five Special”, is broadcast from the tiny 2i’s Coffee Bar in London
- 1957 Boson Celtics’ center Bill Russell sets NBA record of 49 rebounds as Boston beats Philadelphia Warriors, 111-89 at Boston Gardens
- 1957 University of Oklahoma Football NCAA win streak ends at 47 after losing 7-0 to Notre Dame at Oklahoma Memorial Stadium
- 1959 Boston business executive Billy Sullivan is awarded eighth and final franchise of developing American Football League (AFL); later branded Boston Patriots
- 1959 Musical “The Sound of Music” by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II opens at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre in NYC and runs for 1,443 performances
- 1960 NL batting champion Dick Groat of the Pittsburgh Pirateds wins MVP
1960 US Marshals escort four six-year-old African American girls to previously all-white public schools in New Orleans in response to death threats against the girls and race riots
- 1961 United Kingdom limits immigration from Commonwealth countries
- 1962 Kuwait adopts constitution (1st, Islamitic)
- 1962 SF Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain scores 73 points in 127-111 win over NY Knicks at Madison Square Garden
- 1963 Toledo, OH newspaper strike began
- 1964 Radio CJCX Sydney Nova Scotia (Canada) starts shortwave transmission
- 1964 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1965 Venera 3 launched, 1st to land on another planet (crashes into Venus)
- 1965 Walt Disney launches Epcot Center: Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow
- 1966 “Greatest Hits” album by The Temptations is released (Billboard Album of the Year 1967)
- 1966 Dr Sam Sheppard freed by a jury after 9 years in jail
- 1966 Ken Loach’s television play “Cathy Come Home” is broadcast on the BBC, challenging attitudes towards homelessness in Britain
- 1966 Pittsburgh Pirates outfielder Roberto Clemente is named NL MVP
- 1968 The Derry Citizens Action Committee defies a ban on marches in Derry, Northern Ireland, by marching with an estimated 15,000 people
- 1969 1968 Mỹ Lai massacre of between 347 and 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by US soldiers is first reported
- 1969 US President Richard Nixon becomes first president to attend a season NFL game while in office: the Dallas Cowboys visit the Washington Redskins, winning 41-28
- 1970 South Vietnamese Vice President Nguyen Cao Ky defends operations in Cambodia because communist forces could overrun South Vietnam “within 24 hours” if troops operating there were withdrawn
- 1970 Two men are shot dead by the Irish Republican Army (IRA)
- 1971 The Compton inquiry is published, acknowledging that there was ill-treatment of internees, but rejected claims of systematic brutality or torture (Northern Ireland)
- 1971 The US increase air activity to support the Cambodian government as fighting neared Phnom Penh
- 1972 Elektra Records releases “No Secrets’, the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Carly Simon; her commercial breakthrough spends 5 weeks at top of US charts and contains the hit singles “You’re So Vain” and “The Right Thing to Do”
Mind Games
1973 Apple Records releases John Lennon‘s fourth studio album, “Mind Games” in UK
Bowie on Midnight Special
1973 Singer David Bowie performs on TV’s “Midnight Special”, set includes duet with Marianne Faithfull covering Sonny & Cher‘s hit “I Got You, Babe”
- 1973 Skylab 4 launched into Earth orbit
Alaskan Pipeline
1973 US President Richard Nixon authorizes construction of the Alaskan pipeline
- 1974 John Lennon‘s single “Whatever Gets You Through the Night,” featuring Elton John, goes to #1 in the US; he is the last of the Beatles with a solo chart-topper, and it is the only one during his lifetime
- 1974 NBA Milwaukee Bucks lose their team record 11th straight game, falling 92-89 to vhe visiting Cleveland Cavaliers
- 1974 The first intentional interstellar radio message is sent from Arecibo Observatory’s radio telescope in Puerto Rico towards M13, a cluster of stars some 25,000 light-years away
- 1976 René Levesque’s Parti Québécois wins elections in Quebec
Barry’s Free Throw Streak
1976 Rick Barry (San Francisco), ends then longest NBA free throw streak of 60
- 1980 Tampa Bay Buccaneer QB Doug Williams throws for 486 yards
- 1981 Dennis Lillee kicks Javed Miandad after he had waved his bat at Dennis
Reagan’s Covert Plan
1981 President Reagan decides on a covert plan to block the Cuban aid to Nicaragua and El Salvador
- 1982 5th NASA Space Shuttle Mission Columbia lands at Edwards Air Force Base after 5 days in space, completing its 1st operational flight
- 1982 Agreement reached ending 57 day football strike
The Real Thing
1982 Tom Stoppard‘s play “The Real Thing” premieres in London starring Felicity Kendal and Roger Rees
- 1984 14th Shuttle Mission (51A) -Discovery 2- lands at Kennedy Space Center (Florida)
- 1984 Houston blocks 20 Denver shots tying NBA regulation game record
- 1984 John Lennon‘s “Every Man has a Woman Who Loves Him” is released posthumously
The Singing Detective
1986 Dennis Potter’s TV drama “The Singing Detective”, starring Michael Gambon, premieres on the BBC in the UK
Benazir Bhutto
1988 Pakistan’s Benazir Bhutto‘s PPP wins 1st free Pakistani elections in 11 years
- 1989 Six Jesuit priests including Ignacio Ellacuría and two others are assassinated killed by Salvadoran army – one of the most notorious acts of the Salvadoran civil war
Separate Amenities Act
1989 South African President F. W. de Klerk announces scrapping of Separate Amenities Act
- 1989 UNESCO adopts the Seville Statement on Violence at the 25th session of its General Conference, stating “we are not condemned to war and violence because of our biology” [1]
- 1990 Former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega claims the US denied him a fair trial
- 1995 Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother undergoes hip surgery
- 1995 US Attorney General Janet Reno announces she has Parkinson’s disease
- 1997 People’s Republic of China releases pro-democracy dissident Wei Jingsheng from jail for medical reasons after nearly 18 years of incarceration
- 1997 Revival of Sherman Edwards’ historical musical “1776”, featuring Brent Spiner, closes at the Criterion Theater to transfer to the George Gershwin Theatre, NYC
Clinton Visits Vietnam
2000 Bill Clinton becomes the first U.S. President to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War
Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone
2001 “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone”, 1st film adaptation of the book series by J. K. Rowling starring Daniel Radcliffe, premieres in US (Titled “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s’s Stone” in some markets)
UN Resolution 1441
2002 Iraqi President Saddam Hussein says that he had to accept UN Resolution 1441 because the United States and Israel had shown their “claws and teeth” and declared unitlateral war on the Iraqi people
2002 The first case of SARS is recorded in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, China, though is not identified until much later. First patient is thought to be a farmer in the city.
Messi Debuts
2003 16-year-old Lionel Messi makes his official debut for FC Barcelona when he comes on as a substitute in a friendly against Porto
- 2003 Roger Federer of Switzerland wins his first of 6 season-ending Tennis Masters Cup titles with a 6–3, 6–0, 6–4 victory over American Andre Agassi in the final in Houston, Texas
- 2004 “Let Me Love You” single released by Mario (Billboard Song of the Year 2005)
- 2005 CBS television broadcasts ”I Walk the Line: A Night For Johnny Cash” featuring concert performances by Dwight Yoakam, Martina McBride, Alison Krauss, U2, Norah Jones, Foo Fighters, Sheryl Crow, and others
- 2008 Novak Đoković of Serbia wins his first career season-ending Tennis Masters Cup title beating Russian Nikolay Davydenko 6-1, 7-5 in the final in Shanghai, China
Bush Presidential Center
2010 In University Park, Texas, the groundbreaking ceremony for the George W. Bush Presidential Center takes place
- 2012 The game “Call of Duty: Black Ops II” grosses $500 million in 24 hours to become the largest entertainment launch of all time
- 2014 Klaus Iohannis wins the Romanian Presidential election
- 2014 Novak Đoković claims 3 straight ATP World Tour Finals tennis titles after Roger Federer is forced to withdraw from the final in London through injury
- 2015 A 1,111-carat diamond, the largest discovered in more than a century, is found in the Karowe mine, Botswana
Declaration Against ISIS
2015 French President François Hollande declares the country at war with ISIS in an address to parliament
- 2017 19 countries pledge to phase out coal at UN Climate Summit in Bonn, Germany
- 2017 Cambodian court rules to dissolve the country’s main opposition party Cambodia National Rescue party (CNRP)
- 2017 US senator Al Franken accused of groping and forcibly kissing a woman
- 2018 An elevator drops 84 floors at the John Hancock Center, Chicago, when the hoist rope breaks; all six occupants survive unharmed
- 2018 The kilogram is refined by abstract constants replacing the Le Grand K, along with the ampere (electrical current) and kelvin (temperature) at a conference in Paris
- 2019 500th anniversary of the founding of Havana, Cuba
- 2019 Britain’s Prince Andrew refutes claims he had sex with 17 year-old connected to sex offender and friend Jeffery Epstein in BBC interview
- 2019 Samoa declares state of emergency over measles epidemic closing all schools after six deaths
- 2019 Sri Lankan Presidential election, won by former defense secretary Gotabaya Rajapaksa
- 2020 Hurricane Iota makes landfall in Nicaragua as a category four storm, just 15 km south of Hurricane Eta 13 days ago
- 2020 Peru’s Congress votes in its third interim President in a week, Francisco Sagasti after violent protests
- 2020 US drugmaker Moderna says its COVID-19 vaccine is 94.5% effective in early data
- 2021 Astronauts aboard the International Space Station take shelter after a Russian anti-satellite weapons test destroys a satellite, creating a large debris field
Record for Latin American Work
2021 Frida Kahlo‘s self-portrait “Diego y yo” (1949) sells for $34.9 million, setting a record price for a Latin American work at auction
- 2021 Guanyu Zhou confirmed as China’s first F1 driver, racing for Alfa Romeo in 2022 [1]
- 2021 Men’s roller derby team settles dispute with MLB baseball team, allowing both to use Cleveland Guardians name
- 2022 Democratic congresswoman Karen Bass is the first woman to be elected mayor of the city of Los Angeles, defeating Rick Caruso [1]
- 2022 NASA’s Artemis I mission carrying the uncrewed Orion spacecraft on a test mission around the Moon and back launches from Florida [1]
- 2022 U.S. Food and Drug Administration gives first safety approval for lab-grown meat, specifically chicken grown from animal cells by Upside Foods [1]
Republicans Retake the House
2022 US Republican party regains control of the House of Representatives by a narrow margin, with Kevin McCarthy as Leader of the House [1]
- 2023 Daryl Hall files a lawsuit and a request for a restraining order (later granted) against his music partner John Oates [1]
- 2023 MLB owners unanimously approve Oakland A’s proposed move from California to Las Vegas, Nevada; it will become the franchise’s 4th home since being established in Philadelphia in 1901
- 2023 Revival of John Du Prez and Eric Idle’s musical “Spamalot”, based on the film “Monty Python and the Holy Grail,” opens at the St. James Theatre, NYC
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