Privilegium Minus
1156 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa issues the “Privilegium Minus” decree, elevating Austria to a duchy
- 1176 At the Battle of Myriokephalon, the Byzantines fail to recover Anatolia from Turkish rule
Expulsion of the Jews
1394 Jews are to be expelled from France by order of King Charles VI
- 1598 Dutch sailors claim the island of Mauritius for the Netherlands and name it after Maurice, Prince of Orange and Count of Nassau
- 1629 Dutch ship Sardam arrives to rescue those shipwrecked on the Batavia off the coast of Western Australia, discovering a group led by Jeronimus Cornelisz has murdered 124 of the survivors [1]
- 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld: King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden defeats Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
- 1644 French troops occupy Mainz
- 1678 France and Spain sign the Treaties of Nijmegen
Jacobite Rebellion
1745 Edinburgh occupied by Jacobites under Charles Edward Stuart (aka the Young Pretender or Bonny Prince Charlie)
1787 US Constitution is signed by delegates at the Philadelphia Convention
Discovery of Mimas
1789 William Herschel discovers Saturn’s moon Mimas using his 40-foot reflector telescope
Darwin Lands in Galapagos
1835 Charles Darwin lands on Chatham Island in the Galapagos Archipelago
Harriet Tubman Escapes
1849 Harriet Tubman is the first to escape slavery in Maryland with two of her brothers
- 1850 Fourth great fire in San Francisco
James Donnelly Sentenced
1859 James Donnelly is sentenced to hang for murdering Patrick Farrell, but a petition for clemency reduces his sentence to 7 years in Kingston Penitentiary
Emperor Norton I
1859 Joshua Abraham Norton, an English-born resident of San Francisco, proclaims himself His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I, Emperor of the United States of America
- 1861 First class for escaped slaves taught by Mary Peake at Fortress Monroe Virginia (now Hampton University).
- 1862 American Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war; 78 workers killed
- 1862 Battle of Antietam [Battle of Sharpsburg]: Bloodiest day in the American Civil War with 22,000 dead, wounded, or missing in the first major battle on Union soil
- 1862 Battle of Munfordville, Kentucky, US Colonel J. Wilder surrenders city
- 1862 The Cumberland Gap, Tennessee, evacuated by the Union forces
- 1863 Pope Pius IX’s encyclical On Persecution is published in New Granada
- 1864 American Civil War: Grant approves Sheridan’s plan for Shenandoah Valley Campaign
- 1871 Mont Cenis railway tunnel in Switzerland opens
- 1872 Phillip W. Pratt patents his sprinkler system for extinguishing fires
- 1873 Nineteen students attend the opening class at Ohio State University
- 1876 Race riots in South Carolina
- 1899 First British troops leave Bombay for South Africa
- 1900 In the USA, anthracite coal miners go on strike for better wages until October 25, by which time the owners are persuaded that their stance is harming President McKinley’s campaign
- 1900 Philippine–American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac
- 1900 The Commonwealth of Australia is proclaimed
Battle of Blood River Port
1901 Battle of Blood River Port: Boer commandos led by Louis Botha defeat a British Mounted Infantry force commanded by Major Hubert Gough
- 1902 US protests anti-semitism in Romania
- 1903 Boston Pilgrims clinch AL pennant, beating Cleveland 14-3
- 1906 Playing as “Sullivan,” Columbia University junior Eddie Collins debuts with the A’s
- 1908 Thomas Selfridge becomes first fatality of powered flight
- 1909 Denis Peyrony and Louis Capitan discover the skull of an adult male Neanderthal (La Ferrassie 1) during excavations in a rock shelter near La Ferrassie, France
- 1911 First airplane flight across the US from New York to Pasadena, California, in 82 hours and 4 minutes
- 1912 Center fielder Casey Stengel debuts with Brooklyn and hits four singles
Fisher Re-elected PM
1914 Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time
- 1916 40,000 Amsterdam demonstrators demand general voting right
The Red Baron
1916 World War I flying ace, the Red Baron of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France
Pirates Retire #33
1917 American baseball shortstop Honus Wagner retires at 43; Pirates retire his #33
- 1920 Cardinals set a record of 12 consecutive hits in the 4th (10) and 5th (2) innings
- 1920 National Football League is born in Canton, Ohio; 12 teams pay $100 each to join American Professional Football Association; renamed the NFL in 1922
- 1923 Sutton Vane’s “Outward Bound” premieres in London
- 1924 Italy signs treaty of Rapallo
- 1926 Hurricane hits Miami and Palm Beach, Florida, killing approximately 450
- 1927 Charles Lindbergh visits San Francisco
- 1928 Boston Braves pitcher Ray Boggs hits three batters in one inning during his fourth and final major league appearance in a 15-5 loss to the Chicago Cubs
- 1928 San Felipe Segundo/Okeechobee hurricane makes landfall in West Palm Beach-Lake Okeechobee, Florida, as a Category 4 storm, killing 2,500-3,000 and causing $25 million in damages
- 1929 British troops begin withdrawal from occupied Germany
- 1931 Boston Red Sox outfielder Earl Webb sets a record with 65 doubles en route to 67 MLB doubles
- 1931 First LP record demonstrated by RCA Victor in New York City; venture fails
- 1931 Operetta “Viktoria & Her Hussar” by Paul Abraham (adapted for English by Harry Graham) premieres in London at the Palace Theatre
- 1934 USSR joins League of Nations (Netherlands, Switzerland, and Portugal vote no)
President Manuel L. Quezon
1935 Manuel L. Quezon y Molina is elected the second President of the Philippines
- 1937 First NFL game in Washington, D.C.; Redskins defeat NY Giants 13-3
- 1939 German U-29 sinks British aircraft carrier Courageous; 519 die
- 1939 Poland’s President Ignacy Mościcki and Prime Minister Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski flee to Romania
- 1939 Soviet Union invades Eastern Poland, allowing Germans to advance west and taking 217,000 Poles prisoner without a formal declaration of war
- 1939 Taisto Mäki of Finland becomes the first man to run 10,000 meters in under 30 minutes with a time of 29:52.6 in Helsinki
Operation Sealion Postponed
1940 Adolf Hitler indefinitely postpones Operation Sealion, the planned German invasion of Great Britain
- 1940 Nazi police commander Heinrich Himmler rules that all Polish workers must wear yellow “P” badges to distinguish themselves from Germans
Bohr Meets Heisenberg
1941 Meeting between Danish physicist Niels Bohr and German head of the nuclear energy project Werner Heisenberg in Copenhagen to discuss nuclear weapons
- 1941 Stan Musial makes his major league debut for the St. Louis Cardinals, going 2-for-4
- 1941 The New Zealand Labour Party abolishes the death penalty; it is reintroduced by the National government in 1950 before being finally removed from the statute book in 1961)
- 1941 World War II: A decree issued by the Soviet State Committee of Defense, restoring Vsevobuch “Universal compulsory military training of the citizens of the USSR” in the face of the “Great Patriotic War”
- 1943 Load of “ammunition in transit” explodes at Norfolk Naval Air Station
- 1943 World War II: Soviet city of Bryansk is liberated from Nazi control
- 1944 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill travels to US
- 1944 Dutch begin railroad strike against German occupiers
- 1944 Operation Market Garden: In the largest airborne operation of WWII, Allied paratroopers land in the Netherlands in a failed attempt to capture the Arnhem bridge over the Rhine
- 1947 Jackie Robinson is named Rookie of the Year by Sporting News
- 1947 James Forrestal sworn in as first US Secretary of Defense
- 1948 KCOP TV Channel 13 in Los Angeles/Hollywood, CA (IND) begins broadcasting
- 1948 WLS TV Channel 7 in Chicago, IL (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1949 128 die as fire engulfs Canadian passenger steamer Noronic in Toronto
- 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Council meets for the first time
- 1949 Third Cannes Film Festival: “The Third Man,” directed by Carol Reed, wins the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film
- 1949 WFAA TV Channel 8 in Dallas-Fort Worth, TX (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1950 San Francisco 49ers (formerly AAFC) play their first NFL game and lose 21-17
- 1951 Romanian bishop A. Pacha of Timisoara sentenced to 18 years
- 1952 “I Am an American Day” and “Constitution Day” are renamed “Citizenship Day”
- 1953 Ernie Banks becomes the Chicago Cubs’ first African American player
Lord of the Flies
1954 “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding is published by Faber and Faber in London
Marciano KOs Charles
1954 In a quick rematch at Yankee Stadium, NYC, Rocky Marciano knocks out Ezzard Charles in the eighth round to retain his world heavyweight boxing title
- 1955 Future MLB Hall of Famer Baltimore Oriole Brooks Robinson goes 2-4 in his first game
- 1956 Black students enter Clay Elementary School in Kentucky
- 1956 Television is first broadcast in Australia
- 1956 Yankees clinch pennant number 22 with Mantle’s 50th home run of the year
- 1957 KETV TV Channel 7 in Omaha, NB (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1957 Thailand military coup under Marshal Sarit Thanarat
- 1957 The North East Humanists group is founded in Newcastle upon Tyne
- 1958 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1959 Scott Crossfield completes the first powered flight in the X-15
- 1959 Transit 1A, the first navigational satellite, launches but fails to orbit
- 1959 Typhoon kills 2,000 in Japan and Korea
- 1960 Cuba nationalizes US banks
- 1961 “Car 54, Where are You?” premieres on US TV
1961 Fran Tarkenton plays his first NFL game against the Chicago Bears, coming off the bench to lead the Vikings to a 37-13 victory and becomes the only QB to throw four touchdown passes in his first career game
- 1961 Minnesota Vikings’ first NFL game; beat Chicago Bears 37-13
- 1961 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1962 Justice Department files first suit to end segregation in public schools
- 1962 US space officials announce selection of nine new astronauts
- 1963 “The Fugitive,” starring David Janssen, premieres on ABC TV
- 1963 Train strikes makeshift bus full of migrant workers, killing 32
Baby Love
1964 Motown Records releases The Supremes‘ single “Baby Love”; written and produced by the Holland-Dozier-Holland team, it becomes their second consecutive #1 record
- 1964 National Museum of Anthropology, the largest museum in Latin America, inaugurated by President Adolfo López Mateos in Mexico City [1]
- 1964 The Beatles are paid a record $150,000 by baseball team owner Charles Finley for a concert at Municipal Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, on a scheduled day off; the group adds the song “Kansas City”/”Hey, Hey, Hey, Hey” to their standard setlist, much to the delight of the crowd
- 1964 Yankee Mickey Mantle gets career hits #1999, 2000, and 2001 and his 450th home run in a 6-2 victory over the Los Angeles Angels in New York
- 1965 CBS premieres WWII sitcom “Hogan’s Heroes”
- 1965 WPHL TV Channel 17 in Philadelphia, PA (IND) begins broadcasting
- 1966 “Mission Impossible” premieres on CBS-TV
- 1966 Cleveland pitchers set an AL record by striking out 19 batters in the first 9 innings
The Doors On Ed Sullivan
1967 American rock band “The Doors” appear for the first and last time on “The Ed Sullivan Show” as singer Jim Morrison reneges on a promise to change a lyric, prompting producers to offer no further invitations [1]
The Who in TV Debut
1967 British rock band “The Who” makes its US television debut, performing “My Generation” on “The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour” and detonating an unusually large amount of flash powder in Keith Moon‘s drum kit [1]
- 1967 Mount Washington Cog Railway train derails, killing 8 (NH)
- 1967 New Orleans Saints’ first NFL game; they lose to the LA Rams 27-13
- 1968 San Francisco Giants Gaylord Perry no-hits St Louis Cardinals 1-0
- 1968 Zond 5 completes circumnavigation of Moon
- 1970 American TV variety program “The Flip Wilson Show” debuts on NBC-TV and runs for four seasons, winning two Emmy Awards
- 1970 Jordan launches offensive against guerrilla army
- 1970 WSWP TV channel 9 in Grandview, WV (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1972 BART begins passenger service in San Francisco
- 1972 Tanzanian troops march into Uganda
M*A*S*H
1972 TV comedy series “M*A*S*H”, adapted from the movie, starring Alan Alda, Loretta Swit, Wayne Rogers, and McLean Stevenson, debuts on CBS in the US and runs for 11 years, garnering 14 Emmy Awards and 1 Peabody
A Little Night Music
1973 Stephen Sondheim‘s musical “A Little Night Music” transfers from the Shubert to the Majestic Theatre, NYC
Sex Pistols Play Prison
1976 British punk rock band the Sex Pistols play before a captive audience at Chelmsford Prison, Essex, England
- 1976 NASA publicly unveils the Space Shuttle Enterprise in Palmdale, California, named after the Star Trek Enterprise, with the cast attending
Ringo’s Rotogravure
1976 Polydor/Atlantic releases Ringo Starr‘s fifth studio album “Ringo’s Rotogravure”
Rumours
1977 British-American band Fleetwood Mac‘s “Rumours” album is #1 for the 19th consecutive week
- 1977 China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor, PRC
- 1977 Dave Kingman hits his first Yankee home run, and Reggie hits two more
- 1978 30th Emmy Awards: “All in the Family,” Ed Asner, and Sada Thompson win
- 1978 After 6 losses to the New York Yankees in September, the Boston Red Sox finally score a 7-3 win over their arch rivals at Yankee Stadium
- 1979 Pietro Mennea runs a world record 200 m in 19.72 seconds
- 1979 Royals’ George Brett becomes the 6th player to have 20 doubles, triples, and home runs in a season
- 1979 Russian Bolshoi Ballet dancers Leonid and Valentina Kozlov granted political asylum in US
Divine Madness
1980 Bette Midler‘s concert film “Divine Madness,” directed by Michael Ritchie, premieres
- 1980 Iraq breaks the 1975 treaty with Iran and proclaims sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab waterway
- 1980 Iraq under Saddam Hussein signs accord with Algeria
- 1980 Oakland A’s Rick Langford is removed with two outs in the ninth inning, ending his consecutive complete-game streak at 22
Solidarity Movement
1980 Polish workers, under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa, found the Solidarity movement at the Gdańsk Shipyard
Kim Dae-jung Sentenced
1980 South Korean opposition leader Kim Dae-jung sentenced to death on false charges of sedition and conspiracy (sentence later commuted)
- 1983 Chicago White Sox clinch their first-ever AL West championship
- 1984 Dwight Gooden ties the record of 32 strikeouts in consecutive games
- 1984 Reggie Jackson is the 13th player to hit 500 home runs
- 1984 USSR performs an underground nuclear test
- 1985 Soyuz T-14 carries 3 cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station
- 1986 Bomb attack in Paris kills 6 people
- 1986 Marina Stepanova of USSR sets the women’s 400 m hurdle record in 52.94 seconds
- 1986 Mets clinch NL East Championship
- 1986 US Senate confirms William Rehnquist as 16th Chief Justice
- 1987 Philadelphia celebrates 200th anniversary of Constitution
Pope Visits San Francisco
1987 Pope John Paul II arrives in San Francisco, meets with AIDS patients, and embraces an AIDS-infected child
- 1988 24th Olympic games open at Seoul, South Korea
- 1988 Jeff Reardon becomes the first pitcher to record 40 or more saves in both the American League and the National League
- 1989 41st Emmy Awards: “LA Law,” “Cheers,” Dana Delany, and Candice Bergen win
- 1989 Hurricane Hugo begins four-day sweep through Caribbean, killing 62
- 1989 Hurricane Hugo kills 85 in Charleston, South Carolina
- 1989 The NYC Court of Appeals overturns the lower court decision and returns the America’s Cup to the US from New Zealand
- 1990 Newspaper Guild votes 242-35 to keep NY Post publishing
- 1990 Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia restore diplomatic ties
- 1991 4,355 turn out to see Expos play NY Mets at Shea Stadium
- 1991 The first version of the Linux kernel (0.01) is released to the Internet
- 1991 UN admits Estonia, Latvia, Lithuiania, North & South Korea, Marshall Islands & Micronesia
- 1992 Amsterdam Stock Exchange hits record €8.8 billion
Zappa Conducts The Yellow Shark
1992 Frank Zappa conducts The Ensemble Modern in portions of his classical work “The Yellow Shark” in Frankfurt, Germany; receives a 20-minute standing ovation in what is his last public appearance
- 1992 House votes 280 to 128 to give FCC control over cable TV rates
- 1992 The NFL decides to suspend World League Football
- 1992 Theodore (Ted) Weiss wins the Democratic primary for the NYC congressional seat despite having died on the 14th
- 1993 Last Russian troops leave Poland
- 1994 Andy Waller outhandles the ball for Mashonaland CD against Mash U24
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