- 312 Start of Imperial Indiction
- 366 Liberius ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 673 Synod of Hertford holds the first general council of the Anglo-Saxon Church, issuing 10 canons
- 787 Second Council of Nicaea (7th ecumenical council) opens in Asia Minor in present-day İznik, Turkey
- 1180 With the death of Manuel I Komnenos, the last Byzantine Emperor of the Komnenian restoration, the Byzantine Empire begins its terminal decline
Second Voyage of Columbus
1493 Christopher Columbus embarks on his second expedition to the New World, setting sail with a fleet of 17 ships
- 1537 Catholic uprising in the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck (now Germany) fails
- 1625 Dutch attack San Juan, Puerto Rico
- 1629 Danish Renaissance Kronborg Castle, guarding Øresund Sound, is mostly destroyed in a fire and later rebuilt
- 1629 Jacques Specx is appointed governor-general of the Dutch Indies
- 1632 Mughal forces of Shah Jahan capture the important Portuguese trading port of Hooghly in West Bengal after a three-month siege, freeing 10,000 Indian captives
- 1657 First autopsy and coroner’s jury verdict are recorded in Maryland
- 1664 Dutch Fort Orange (New Netherland) in present-day Albany, New York, surrenders to the English
Treaty of Altranstädt
1706 Treaty of Altranstädt: Charles XII of Sweden and Augustus II of Saxony; Augustus renounces his claims to the Polish throne and his alliance with Russia
- 1789 The office of the US Attorney General is established
- 1789 US Congress establishes Post Office Department following the new Constitution
- 1789 US Federal Judiciary Act passes, creating a six-member Supreme Court
- 1829 Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Peace Treaty of Adrianople
- 1838 Anti-Corn Law League forms to repeal English Corn Laws
Kingdom of Sarawak
1841 British adventurer James Brooke obtains land around the Sarawak river from the Sultan of Brunei
- 1853 France annexes New Caledonia
- 1862 Confederate Congress adopts Confederacy seal
- 1869 Black Friday: Panic on Wall Street after investors Jay Gould and James Fisk attempt to corner the gold market
- 1870 Dar Al-Kutub (National Library and Archives of Egypt) inaugurates in Mustafa Fadel’s palace, Cairo, as the first national library in the Middle East [1]
- 1872 Franz Grillparzer’s “Ein Bruderzwist in Habsburg” premieres in Vienna
- 1877 Battle of Shiroyama: Imperial Japanese Army decisively defeats the Satsuma Rebellion
- 1883 National Black Convention meets in Louisville, Kentucky
- 1884 Dixey, Rice & Gill’s musical “Adonis” premieres in New York City
- 1885 Five German warships depart to Zanzibar
- 1889 Alexander Dey patents the dial time recorder
- 1890 President of the Latter-day Saints, Wilford Woodruff, issues a manifesto advising members that the teaching and practice of polygamy be abandoned
- 1903 Bill Bradley becomes the first Cleveland baseball player (Cleveland Naps) to hit for the cycle
- 1906 Prince George of Greece, convinced that he can no longer serve the cause of Crete, resigns as High Commissioner
- 1906 St. Louis Cardinals’ Stoney McGlynn no-hits Dodgers 1-1 in a 7-inning game
- 1906 Victor Herbert and Henry Blossom’s operetta musical “The Red Mill” opens at the Knickerbocker Theater, New York City
- 1908 Bob Rhoads becomes the first Cleveland pitcher (Cleveland Naps) to throw a no-hit game, with Cleveland defeating Boston 2-1
1916 German Zeppelin LZ-76 is shot down over England by New Zealand B.E.2e fighter pilot Alfred Brandon, bringing the airship down in a field near Little Wigborough, Essex
- 1916 Indians’ Marty Kavanaugh hits AL’s first pinch-hit grand slam
Baseball Record
1922 St. Louis Cardinals future Baseball Hall of Fame infielder Rogers Hornsby sets the National League home run record at 42
Elmer the Great
1928 George M. Cohan and Ring Lardner’s musical play “Elmer the Great” premieres in NYC
1st Instrument Flight
1929 James Doolittle completes the first completely “blind” flight, taking off, flying a set course, and landing solely by instruments aboard a Consolidated NY-2 biplane at Mitchel Field in New York
- 1929 New York Yankee pitcher Tom Zachary ends season 12-0, record for most pitching wins without a loss in one season
- 1930 Kaufman and Hart’s comedy “Once in a Lifetime” premieres in New York
- 1930 Portsmouth beats Brooklyn in the first NFL game played under floodlights
- 1931 Round-robin playoff among NYC’s three major league teams to raise money for the unemployed concludes with Brooklyn losing to both the Giants and the Yankees
1938 Adolf Hitler issues an ultimatum to the government of Czechoslovakia, demanding that the Sudetenland be ceded to Germany
- 1940 Jimmie Foxx hits his 500th career home run
- 1940 Luftwaffe bombs Spitfire factory in Southampton
- 1941 Bomb explodes in German headquarters at Hotel Continental in Kiev
- 1941 Nine Allied governments pledge adherence to the common principles of policy set forth in the Atlantic Charter
- 1943 Soviet forces recapture Smolensk
- 1946 Yankees set season attendance record of 2,309,029, surpassing 1929 Cubs
- 1948 Honda Motor Company is founded in Hamamatsu City, Japan
- 1948 Mildred Gillars (Axis Sally), an American broadcaster employed by the Third Reich in Nazi Germany to proliferate propaganda during World War II, pleads not guilty to eight charges of treason in Washington, D.C.
- 1948 MLB’s New York Yankees, Boston Red Sox, and Cleveland Indians are tied for first place in the AL (91-56)
1950 Operation Magic Carpet concludes after transporting 45,000 Yemenite Jews to Israel
- 1951 Industrial estate opens at Harlow New Town, England
- 1951 USSR performs a nuclear test
Kentucky Fried Chicken
1952 American fast food restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) opens its first franchise in Salt Lake City, Utah, after Colonel Harland Sanders franchises his recipe to friend Pete Harman
- 1952 Dutch Minister of Justice Leendert Donker commutes Nazi war criminal Willy Lages’ execution sentence to life in prison; Lages is released in 1966 due to failing health and lives for 5 more years
- 1952 Underwater volcano explodes beneath research vessel Kaiyo-maru-5
- 1953 “Take a Giant Step” opens on Broadway
Marciano TKOs LaStarza
1953 Rocky Marciano TKO’s hometown favorite Roland LaStarza in the 11th round at NYC’s Polo Grounds to retain his world heavyweight boxing title
- 1954 Yankees tie a record as three of their pinch hitters strike out in one inning
Ford Star Jubilee
1955 “The Judy Garland Special” kicks off the anthology performance series “Ford Star Jubilee” on CBS-TV
Eisenhower Suffers Heart Attack
1955 US President Eisenhower suffers a heart attack on vacation in Denver
- 1955 Washington Senators lose their 99th and 100th games of the season
1957 “Jailhouse Rock” single released by Elvis Presley (Billboard Song of the Year 1957)
- 1957 Brooklyn Dodgers play their last game at Ebbets Field and defeat the Pirates 2-0
- 1957 Camp Nou, the largest stadium in Europe, opens in Barcelona
- 1958 First welded aluminum girder highway bridge is completed in Urbandale, Iowa
- 1958 The Donna Reed Show premieres on ABC
- 1960 International Development Association (UN agency) comes into existence
- 1960 USS Enterprise, the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched
- 1962 KWSU TV channel 10 in Pullman, WA (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1962 US Circuit Court of Appeals orders Meredith admitted to University of Mississippi
- 1963 Idle Dodgers clinch their second LA pennant as Cubs beat Cards
- 1963 US Senate ratifies treaty with Britain and USSR limiting nuclear testing
- 1964 “The Munsters” premieres on TV
- 1964 First Minuteman II ICBM is tested
- 1964 Ringo Starr forms Brickley Building Company Ltd
- 1964 Willi Stoph succeeds Otto Grotewohl as Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic
- 1965 Belgian Victor Leemans is elected chairman of the European Parliament
- 1965 Saudi Arabian and Egyptian accord over Yemen
- 1965 Stefanos Stefanopoulos forms Greek government
- 1966 France performs a nuclear test at Fangataufa Island
- 1966 Hurricane Inez kills 293 in the Caribbean, Florida, and Mexico
- 1967 NFL St. Louis Cardinals’ Jim Bakken kicks seven field goals against the Pittsburgh Steelers, setting an NFL record
- 1968 “That’s Life,” a Broadway musical-type TV show, premieres
Baseball History
1968 New York Mets manager Gil Hodges suffers a heart attack
- 1968 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1969 New York Mets clinch the NL East pennant
- 1969 Ton Duc Thang is elected President of North Vietnam
- 1969 Trial of “Chicago 8” (protesters at Democratic National Convention) begins
- 1970 Soviet space probe Luna 16 lands on Earth after the first unmanned round trip to the Moon
- 1971 Eyskens-Cools disband Belgium’s parliament
- 1971 Houston Astros beat San Diego Padres 2-1 in 21 innings
- 1971 Ninety Russian diplomats are expelled from Britain for spying
NFL History
1972 NY Jets Joe Namath passes for 6 touchdowns vs. Baltimore Colts (44-34)
- 1972 Oakland Raiders’ Jack Tatum sets an NFL record with a 104-yard fumble return in a 20-14 win over the Green Bay Packers at Lambeau Field, Green Bay, Wisconsin; the record is tied by Aeneas Williams of the Arizona Cardinals in 2000
- 1972 Privately owned 1954 vintage F-86 Sabrejet fails to take off at an air show in Sacramento, California, overruns the runway, and bursts into flames before crashing into an ice cream parlor, killing 22 people and injuring dozens more
- 1973 West African nation of Portuguese Guinea declares independence from Portugal as the Republic of Guinea-Bissau
- 1974 Clarence Jones of the Kintetsu Buffaloes hits his 38th home run, becoming the first American to win a Japanese home run title
- 1975 OPEC announces a 15% increase in government revenue per barrel
Patty Hearst Sentenced
1976 American newspaper heiress Patty Hearst is sentenced to seven years for her part in a 1974 bank robbery; she is released after 22 months by US President Jimmy Carter and pardoned by US President Bill Clinton in 2001
Baseball Record
1978 Ron Guidry beats Cleveland 4-0, raising his record to 23-3 with an ERA of 1.74
- 1979 Russian Olympic and World Champion figure skaters Oleg Protopopov and Ludmila Beloussova ask for asylum in Switzerland
- 1979 USSR performs a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1980 Braves join every NL team with 1,000,000+ attendance this season
- 1980 Iraqi troops cross Iran’s border and encircle Abadan
- 1981 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1982 US, Italian, and French peacekeeping troops begin arriving in Lebanon
Baseball Record
1983 Braves’ Dale Murphy becomes the sixth player to hit 30 home runs and steal 30 bases in a season
Shoaib Mohammad Debuts
1983 Test cricket debut of Shoaib Mohammad, son of champion Pakistan batsman Hanif Mohammad, scores 6 in drawn 2second Test vs. India in Jullundur and goes on to play 45 Tests
- 1983 USSR performs an underground nuclear test
- 1984 Chicago Cubs clinch NL East title
- 1985 A relay swim team completes the fastest English Channel crossing in 15 hours and 30 minutes
- 1985 Apollo Computer Inc. lays off 300 employees
Baseball Record
1985 Montreal Expo Andre Dawson is the ninth player to get six RBIs in an inning (fifth) and joins Willie McCovey in hitting two home runs in an inning twice
- 1987 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
Joyner-Kersee’s Record Gold
1988 American heptathlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee sets a new world record with 7,291 points to win the gold medal at the Seoul Olympics; East Germans Sabine John and Anke Behmer win silver and bronze
Biondi Swims Record Gold
1988 American swimmer Matt Biondi sets a world record of 22.14 to win the 50 m freestyle gold medal at the Seoul Olympics; his fourth of five gold medals for the Games
- 1988 Barbara C. Harris of Massachusetts is elected as the first woman Episcopal bishop
- 1988 Canada’s Ben Johnson runs a drug-assisted 100 m in 9.79 seconds
Johnson Runs Gold Before Disqualification
1988 Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson breaks his own 100m world record with a time of 9.79 at the Seoul Olympics but is disqualified 3 days later for the use of the drug stanozolol; Carl Lewis is awarded gold and the world record with a time of 9.92
- 1988 Carl Lewis runs a world record 100 m in 9.92 seconds
- 1988 Dave Stieb has a no-hitter broken up with two outs in the ninth inning
- 1988 East German cyclist Christa Luding-Rothenburger wins a silver medal in the women’s track sprint at the Seoul Olympics, becoming the first athlete to win medals at both the Summer and Winter Games in the same year; she won a speed skating gold in Calgary
- 1988 Soviet gymnast Vladimir Artemov shares the horizontal bar gold medal with teammate Valeri Liukin at the Seoul Olympics and also wins the parallel bars event to take his gold medal haul to four for the Games
- 1988 Swimmer Silke Hörner wins her second gold medal at the Seoul Olympics as part of the victorious East German 4 x 100 m medley relay team
- 1988 West German swimmer Michael Gross wins the 200 m butterfly in an Olympic record time of 1:56.94 at the Seoul Games, earning his third career gold medal
- 1989 ABC premieres “The Preppie Murder”, based on the 1986 murder in New York City of Jennifer Levin by ex-prep school student Robert Chambers
- 1990 East Germany leaves the Warsaw Pact
Iraq Invades Kuwait Missions
1990 Iraq invades the French and Dutch missions in Kuwait; French President François Mitterrand calls the action a violation of international law; a US warship boards an Iraqi-flagged tanker bound for the port of Basrah
- 1990 Periodic Great White Spot observed on Saturn
Hussein Threatens Oil Fields
1990 Saddam Hussein states his willingness to strike first and his intention to damage oil fields in the region if Iraq does strike
- 1990 Supreme Soviet approves switch to free market
- 1990 West German President Richard von Weizsäcker signs the reunification treaty
- 1991 “Good & Evil” and “Sibs” premiere on ABC TV
- 1991 After a 3-year reign as AL champs, the A’s are eliminated from the AL West
NFL History
1991 Deion Sanders, who left Braves on July 31 to report to the NFL Falcons, returns
- 1991 Robin Yount is the 37th player to hit 2,000 singles
- 1992 John Jaha ties the record with 11 teammates to steal 10 bases (Brewers)
Baseball History
1992 Pedro Martínez makes his MLB debut for the Los Angeles Dodgers against the Cincinnati Reds
- 1992 Scott Stevens is named the fifth captain in New Jersey Devils history
Baseball Record
1992 Toronto’s Dave Winfield, 40, is the oldest player to reach 100 RBIs
- 1993 First Israeli killed by Islamists after PLO signs peace accord
McCall TKOs Lewis
1994 Oliver McCall TKOs Lennox Lewis in the second round to win heavyweight boxing title at Wembley Arena in London
- 1994 Parliamentary elections in Ukraine
- 1995 Latin musicians Emilio and Gloria Estefan‘s boat is hit by a jet skier who dies from injuries off South Beach, Miami, Florida
Pride and Prejudice
1995 TV adaptation of Jane Austen‘s “Pride and Prejudice,” starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth, debuts on BBC One
- 1995 Volcano Mount Ruapehu (North Island, New Zealand) erupts
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
1996 US President Bill Clinton signs the “Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty” at the United Nations
- 1997 Drug kingpin Ramon Arellano Felix placed on FBI’s 10 most-wanted list
- 2001 Crude oil and petroleum products futures fall to their lowest levels in nearly two years amid fears that a recession will reduce energy demand
- 2005 Hurricane Rita makes landfall in the United States, devastating Beaumont, Texas and portions of southwestern Louisiana
- 2007 ICC Men’s Cricket T20 World Cup, Johannesburg: India wins the inaugural tournament with a 5-run victory over Pakistan; Player of the Series: Pakistan all-rounder Shahid Afridi (91 runs, 12 wickets)
Ahmadinejad Speech at Columbia
2007 Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad gives a controversial speech on the campus of Columbia University
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