First Council of Nicaea
325 First Council of Nicaea ends with adoption of the Nicene Creed establishing the doctrine of the Holy Trinity
- 357 Battle of Strasbourg: Roman Caesar Julian defeats the Alamanni tribal confederation led by King Chnodomar, who is captured and taken to Rome in chains
450 Roman Senate elects Marcian Eastern Roman Emperor, succeeding Theodosius II, who died without issue
- 1212 Children’s crusade under Nicolas (10) reaches Genoa
- 1248 Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Archbishop of Utrecht Otto III
- 1330 Antipope Nicholas V, having obtained assurance of pardon, presents a confession of his sins to Pope John XXII at Avignon, who absolves him
- 1425 Countess Jacoba of Bavaria escapes from jail
- 1499 Battle of Sapienza: Turkish fleet defeats Venetians
- 1515 Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana in modern-day Cuba on the southern coast of the island; it is moved to its current location in 1519
- 1537 The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed
- 1540 Explorer Hernando de Alarcón travels up the Colorado River
- 1566 Iconoclastic fury begins in the Dutch province of Utrecht
- 1580 Battle of Alcantara: Spain defeats Portugal
Galileo’s 1st Telescope
1609 Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope to Venetian lawmakers, including the Doge (ruler) of Venice, Leonardo Donato
- 1619 Slavery begins in mainland British colonies of North America when the first known African captives (approximately 20) land at Point Comfort, Virginia, before being sold or traded into servitude [1]
- 1628 Assault on Sultan of Mataram in Batavia
- 1648 Siege of Deal Castle ends in the surrender of Royalist supporters to Parliamentarians during the Second English Civil War [1]
- 1654 Battle of Arras: Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, fails to take Arras and withdraws to Cambrai
- 1689 Battle of Charleroi: Spanish and English armies chase the French
- 1689 Montreal is taken by the Iroquois
Peter the Great Returns
1698 Tsar Peter the Great returns to Moscow after a trip through Western Europe
- 1718 Hundreds of French colonists arrive in Louisiana and found New Orleans
Cook’s First Voyage
1768 Captain James Cook departs from Plymouth, England, bound for the Pacific Ocean on his first voyage aboard the Endeavour
- 1795 Curaçao slave opponents return to St. Christopher
Great Moon Hoax
1835 The New York Sun publishes the Great Moon Hoax story about John Herschel, who claimed he had discovered life, landscapes, and fantastical creatures on the Moon through a powerful telescope
- 1860 The Tubular Victoria Bridge across the St. Lawrence River at Montreal is officially opened by the Prince of Wales, an engineering wonder of the day, as it is the longest bridge in the world at that time, measuring 2 km [1]
- 1862 US Secretary of War authorizes Gen. Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 enslaved people
- 1864 Battle of Petersburg: Battle of Reams Station
- 1864 Combination rail and ferry service is available from San Francisco to Alameda
1875 Captain Matthew Webb makes the first recorded and unassisted swim across the English Channel in 21 hours and 45 minutes
- 1886 First international polo match (US vs. England)
David Beatty Promoted
1892 British naval officer David Beatty is promoted to lieutenant
- 1894 Balinese troops assault Dutch army; 97 are killed (assault ends the following day)
- 1894 Japanese scientist Shibasaburo Kitasato discovers the infectious agent of the bubonic plague and publishes his findings in The Lancet
- 1898 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in Heraklion, Crete
Jeffries TKOs Munroe
1904 Champion James J. Jeffries scores a second-round TKO win over Jack Munroe in San Francisco; Jeffries retires after his seventh heavyweight boxing title defense
- 1908 Allan Winter wins the first $50,000 trotting race in the US
- 1908 National Association of Colored Nurses forms in New York City, and Martha Minerva Franklin of Connecticut is elected president
- 1910 Yellow Cab is founded
- 1912 Different nationalities battle with one another in Macedonia
- 1912 First time an aircraft recovers from a spin
- 1912 The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded
- 1914 Belgian offensive in Antwerp, Belgium, until August 26, 1914
- 1914 German troops in occupied Belgium begin the six-week “Sack of Louvain,” destroying historical buildings and killing hundreds of civilians
- 1914 German troops march into France and push the French army to Sedan
- 1914 German Zeppelins bomb Antwerp, Belgium, killing 10
- 1916 The US Department of the Interior forms the National Park Service
- 1919 First scheduled passenger service by airplane (Paris to London)
- 1920 American swimmer Norman Ross wins his first of three gold medals at the Antwerp Olympics in dominating the men’s 1,500 m freestyle; also wins the 400 m freestyle and 4 x 200 m freestyle relay
1st US Female Olympic Champion
1920 Ethelda Bleibtrey leads an American medal sweep at the Antwerp Olympics in the women’s 100 m freestyle with a world record of 1:13.6, becoming the first US female Olympic champion
- 1920 Russia suffers a decisive defeat in the Battle of Warsaw against Poland
- 1920 Swedish divers sweep the medals in the men’s plain high diving event at the Antwerp Olympics as Arvid Wallman wins gold ahead of teammates Nils Skoglund and John Jansson
- 1921 The first skirmishes of the Battle of Blair Mountain, a civil uprising in Logan County, West Virginia
- 1921 US signs a peace treaty with Germany
- 1921 Yankees pitcher Harry Harper hits three batters in an inning, tying the record
- 1922 Cubs beat Phillies 26-23 in the highest-scoring Major League game
- 1924 International maritime treaty is drafted
- 1924 MLB Washington Senator Walter Johnson pitches his second no-hitter, beating the Browns 2-0 in 7 innings
- 1925 Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters organizes in Harlem, New York
- 1925 Last Belgian troops vacate Duisburg
- 1926 Pavlos Koundouris becomes President of Greece
- 1928 Tri-City Rugby Football Union forms, consisting of Moose Jaw, Regina, and Winnipeg
1929 Graf Zeppelin passes over San Francisco en route to Los Angeles after a trans-Pacific voyage
Earhart’s Record Flight
1932 American Amelia Earhart completes a transcontinental non-stop flight, the first by a woman, landing in Newark, New Jersey
- 1936 Odorless cornstarch is patented in the US by Ralph W. Kerr
- 1936 Three Braves hit twice in an inning, each getting two hits
- 1937 The Japanese fleet blockades the Chinese coast
- 1940 First British night bombing of Germany in Berlin
- 1940 Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia are incorporated into the Soviet Union
- 1941 British and Soviet troops attack pro-German Iran
- 1941 German troops conquer Novgorod, Leningrad
- 1942 SS begins transporting Jews from Maastricht
- 1943 10th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: All-Stars 27, Washington 7 (48,471 attendees)
Mountbatten Takes Charge
1943 Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten is appointed Supreme Allied Commander in Southeast Asia
- 1943 German occupiers impose a 72-hour work week
- 1943 The Red Army under Gen. Vatutin recaptures Akhtyrka
- 1943 US forces overrun New Georgia in the Solomon Islands during WWII
- 1944 France’s 2nd Tank Division under General Leclerc reaches Notre Dame in Paris
1944 German commander Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Free French forces of Philippe Leclerc, disobeying Adolf Hitler’s orders to destroy the city. President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle gives a famous speech at the Hôtel de Ville.
- 1950 US President Harry Truman orders the army to take control of the railroads to avert a strike
- 1951 Cleveland Indians win 16th consecutive home game
- 1952 Detroit Tiger Virgil Trucks throws his second no-hitter of the year, beating the Yankees 1-0
- 1952 Puerto Rico becomes a US commonwealth
- 1954 Ivan Filin comes third in the Bern Marathon; he enters the stadium first but turns the wrong way and is overtaken by two other runners [1]
- 1955 16th Venice Film Festival: “Ordet” directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer wins Golden Lion
- 1955 Last Soviet forces leave Austria
- 1956 To make room for Enos Slaughter, the NY Yankees release Phil Rizzuto
- 1957 Prince Souvanna Phouma forms a government in Laos with the Pathet Lao
1958 Momofuku Ando markets the first package of precooked instant noodles, Chikin Ramen
- 1960 AFL begins placing players’ names on the backs of their jerseys
- 1960 XVII Summer Olympic Games open at Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy
- 1961 Brazilian president Janio Quadros resigns
- 1962 USSR performs a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1962 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1963 Paul McCartney is fined £31 and given a one-year suspended license for speeding
- 1964 Singapore limits imports from Netherlands due to Indonesian aggression
- 1967 Minnesota Twin Dean Chance’s second no-hitter of the month beats Cleveland 2-1
- 1967 Paraguay adopts its constitution
Beatles Study Transcendental Meditation
1967 The Beatles go to Bangor, Wales, to study transcendental meditation with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi
- 1967 Train crash in Beesd, Netherlands; two people die
- 1968 NY Yankees outfielder Rocky Colavito pitches 2/3 of an inning and beats the Tigers 6-5; he plays right field in the second game and hits a home run
- 1969 The Detroit Lions beat the Boston Patriots 22-9 in Montreal (NFL exhibition game)
Elton John’s 1st US Concert
1970 Elton John makes his first US appearance at the Troubadour in West Hollywood, Los Angeles
Brutality Allegations
1971 Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, Gerry Fitt, presents several allegations of brutality by the security forces in Northern Ireland to representatives of the United Nations
- 1976 Harm Wiersma becomes world checkers champion
- 1976 Yankees beat Twins 5-4 in 19 innings
1977 Canadian NHL player Tim Horton posthumously inducted into Hockey Hall of Fame
- 1980 MLB Texas Rangers pitcher Ferguson Jenkins is arrested for possession of drugs
- 1981 Jeff Schwartz sets a solo record for trampoline bouncing, jumping for 246 hours (more than 10 consecutive days)
Youngest Pitcher to Win 20 Games
1985 Mets’ Dwight Gooden becomes the youngest pitcher to win 20 games (20 years, 9 months, 9 days)
- 1985 STS 51-I is scrubbed at T-5 minutes because of an onboard computer problem
- 1986 A’s Mark McGwire hits his first major league home run
Graceland
1986 Warner Bros. Records releases Paul Simon‘s seventh solo album “Graceland,” a blend of pop, African, zydeco, and rock music; it wins the Grammy for Album of the Year in 1987 and sells over 16 million copies
- 1987 Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches a record of 2722.42
- 1987 Madonna sings in Rotterdam, Netherlands
- 1988 Challenger Center opens its classroom doors in Houston
- 1988 Iran and Iraq begin talks to end their eight-year war
- 1988 NASA launches space vehicle S-214
- 1988 Serious fire destroys historic center of Lisbon
- 1989 After a 12-year, 4-billion-mile journey, Voyager 2 flies over the cloud tops of Neptune and its moon Triton, sending back photographs of swamps
- 1989 Mayumi Moriyama becomes Japan’s first female cabinet secretary
- 1990 Li Hui Rong of China sets the women’s triple jump record of 47 ft 8½ in (14.54 m)
1990 UN Security Council authorizes military action against Iraq for invading Kuwait
- 1991 43rd Emmy Awards: “LA Law,” “Cheers,” Kirstie Alley, and Patricia Wettig win
Lewis Breaks 100m Record
1991 Carl Lewis runs the 100 m in a world record of 9.86 seconds
- 1991 Cubs Doug Dascenzo commits his first career error after 242 games
Miles Davis’ Last Concert
1991 Jazz trumpeter Miles Davis gives what becomes his final live performance at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, California
- 1991 Krisztina Egerszegi swims the 200 m backstroke in a world record time of 2:06.62
Linux is Born
1991 Linux is born when Linus Torvalds sends an email announcing his project to create a new computer operating system
- 1991 Mitch Voges wins the 91st US Golf Amateur Championship
- 1991 Norway and Denmark recognize the independence of the former USSR Baltic republics
- 1991 The Byelorussian SSR declares its independence
- 1991 Wanda Panfil wins the third Women’s World Championship Marathon in 2:29:53
- 1995 Gloucestershire cricketer Andrew Symonds scores 254 against Glamorgan, including a then first-class record of 16 sixes
- 1995 Indians’ José Mesa fails in a save attempt after 38 consecutive saves
- 1997 Egon Krenz, former East German leader, is convicted for a shoot-to-kill Berlin Wall policy
Word Gets Around
1997 Welsh rock band Stereophonics release their debut studio album “Word Gets Around”
The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill
1998 “The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill” debut album by Lauryn Hill is released (5 Grammy Awards including Album of the Year, Billboard Album of the Year 1998)
- 2001 Singer Aaliyah and eight others are killed in a plane crash in the Bahamas
- 2003 Tłı̨chǫ land claims agreement is signed between the Tłı̨chǫ First Nations and the Canadian federal government in Rae-Edzo (now called Behchokǫ̀)
- 2004 Cuba beats Australia 6-2 to win the baseball gold medal at the Athens Olympics; Japan takes bronze; the US does not qualify
- 2004 Emanuel Rego and Ricardo Santos win Brazil’s first gold medal in men’s beach volleyball with a 21–16, 21–15 victory over the Spanish pair Javier Bosma and Pablo Herrera
- 2004 Gal Fridman becomes Israel’s first Olympic gold medalist when he wins the men’s Mistral One Design windsurfing event at the Athens Games
- 2004 Greek athlete Fani Chalkia comes out of retirement to compete in her home Olympics in Athens and wins the 400 m hurdles gold medal in 52.82
- 2004 Olga Kuzenkova of Russia throws an Olympic record 75.02 m to win the women’s hammer throw gold medal at the Athens Games
Pavlo Lazarenko Sentenced
2006 Former Ukrainian Prime Minister Pavlo Lazarenko is sentenced to nine years in federal prison for money laundering, wire fraud, and extortion
- 2006 Hyperion, the world’s tallest living tree, a redwood standing 115.55 m (379.1 ft), is discovered by naturalists Chris Atkins and Michael Taylor in Redwood National and State Parks, California
- 2007 First Women’s Snow Polo World Championship takes place in Bariloche, Argentina
- 2010 Panic caused by escaped crocodile being smuggled aboard domestic Filair flight leads to crash of Let L-410 Turbolet passenger aircraft near Bandundu Airport, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all but one of the 21 passengers and crew
- 2012 330 people are killed as a result of conflict in the Syrian Civil War
- 2012 39 people are killed and 80 are injured after a gas leak in a northern Venezuelan refinery
- 2012 85,000 people are displaced by severe floods in Myanmar
- 2012 Voyager 1 spacecraft becomes the first spacecraft to enter interstellar space (launched in 1977)
- 2013 41 people are killed in a wave of bomb attacks across Iraq
- 2013 Four people are killed and 25 are injured after a train derails in Tabasco, Mexico
- 2014 66th Primetime Emmy Awards, hosted by Seth Meyers, are broadcast on NBC
- 2017 Category 4 Hurricane Harvey makes landfall in Texas northeast of Corpus Christi with 130 mph winds
- 2017 Indian spiritual leader Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh is convicted of raping two of his followers in Panchkula
Trump Pardons Joe Arpaio
2017 President Donald Trump grants a presidential pardon to Joe Arpaio, who is convicted of contempt of court for racial profiling
- 2017 Samsung heir Lee Jae-yong is jailed for five years for corruption in South Korea
- 2018 Afghan Islamic State leader Abu Saad Erhabi and 10 others are killed in an airstrike in the province of Nangarhar, Afghanistan
- 2019 Double Dave, a rare two-headed timber rattlesnake, is found in Pine Barrens forest, New Jersey
- 2020 Chicago White Sox pitcher Lucas Giolito no-hits the Pittsburgh Pirates, 4-0 at Guaranteed Rate Field, Chicago
- 2020 England’s James Anderson becomes the first fast bowler to reach 600 wickets in Test cricket as Pakistan batsman Azhar Ali is caught at first slip on the 5th day of the 3rd Test at Southampton
2020 WHO announces that Africa has eradicated polio, defined as 4 years since the last case
- 2022 California votes to ban the sale of all new gasoline-powered cars by 2035 [1]
- 2024 Arba’at Dam collapses after torrential rain in Sudan’s northwestern Red Sea State, killing at least 30 people, with hundreds missing [1]
- 2024 Israel and Hezbollah exchange rocket and drone attacks in an escalation of conflict in southern Lebanon, killing four people [1]
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