- 432 St. Celestine I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1230 Treaty of San Germano between Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX
- 1280 Sogen Mugaku, founder of Engakuji temple, arrives in Japan from China
- 1298 Albert I of Habsburg is proclaimed King of the Germans after the defeat and death of King Adolf of Nassau at the Battle of Göllheim
- 1360 Danish King Waldemar IV destroys Visby, Gotland
1377 First example of quarantine in Ragusa (now Dubrovnik); city council passes a law stating newcomers from plague areas must isolate for 30 days (later 40 days, quaranta in Italian)
Copernicus Becomes a Canon
1501 Nicolaus Copernicus formally installed as an Augustinian canon of Frauenberg Cathedral at Frombork
First Christian Missionary in Japan
1549 First Christian missionary in Japan, Jesuit priest Francis Xavier, reaches Japan but is not permitted to enter any port until August 15
- 1566 Tribunal convicts Agnes Waterhouse of witchcraft and sentences her to be the first British woman executed for the crime (Chelmsford, England)
Tobacco Introduced to England
1586 Walter Raleigh brings the first tobacco to England from Virginia
Capture of Gennep
1641 Prince of Orange Frederick Henry captures the castle of Gennep after a siege
- 1655 Jews of New Amsterdam petition for a Jewish cemetery
- 1655 Netherlands and Brandenburg sign military treaty
- 1661 English Parliament confirms Navigation Act
- 1663 English Parliament accepts Staple Act
- 1689 Battle of Killiecrankie: Jacobite Scottish Highlanders under Viscount Dundee defeat royalist forces under General Hugh Mackay
- 1694 Bank of England is granted a 12-year charter by Act of Parliament
- 1713 Russia and Turkey sign peace treaty
- 1714 Battle at Hango (Hangut): Russians defeat Swedish fleet
British PM Dismissed
1714 British Queen Anne dismisses premier Robert Haley
Event of Interest
1811 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Spanish Catholic priest and leader of Mexican independence, is defrocked and excommunicated by the church
- 1816 US troops destroy Fort Apalachicola, a Seminole fort, to punish Indians for harboring runaway slaves
- 1836 The ship the “Duke of York” arrives with the first colonists at Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island, South Australia
- 1837 US Mint opens in Charlotte, North Carolina
- 1839 Chartist riots break out in Birmingham, England
- 1844 Fire destroys US mint at Charlotte, North Carolina
- 1861 Battle of Mathias Point, Virginia – Rebel forces repel a Federal landing
- 1861 Battle of St. Augustine Springs, New Mexico Territory
- 1861 Confederate troops occupy Fort Fillmore, New Mexico
George McClellan Takes Command
1861 Union General George McClellan takes command from McDowell of the Army of the Potomac
1866 First transatlantic telegraph cable comes ashore at Heart’s Content, Newfoundland, after being laid out 1,686 miles by Isambard Kingdom Brunel’s Great Eastern steamship
Van Gogh’s Suicide
1890 Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh shoots himself in Auvers-sur-Oise and dies of his injuries 2 days later
Event of Interest
1900 German Kaiser Wilhelm II delivers his “Hun” speech at Bremerhaven, addressing German troops departing to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in China, later used as propaganda in World War I [1]
- 1909 British ship SS Waratah is last seen en route from Durban to Cape Town; 211 on board are missing, and no trace of the ship is ever found
First Military Airplane
1909 Orville Wright successfully tests the Wright Military Flyer, the world’s first military airplane, with a record flight of 1 hour, 12 minutes, and 40 seconds, flying approximately 64 km (40 mi) [1]
- 1914 Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo with the Filipino government
- 1914 Roda JC soccer team forms in Kerkrade
1917 World War I: Allied troops reach the Yser Canal in the prelude to the Battle of Passchendaele
- 1918 Socony 200, the first concrete barge in the US, is launched to carry oil into Flushing Bay, NY
- 1919 Chicago race riot kills 15 white people and 23 Black people and injures 500
- 1920 American defender Resolute beats Thomas Lipton’s British challenger Shamrock IV 3-2 in the 14th America’s Cup
- 1920 Radio compass is used for the first time for aircraft navigation
Discovery of Insulin
1921 Frederick Banting and Charles Best isolate insulin at the University of Toronto
- 1928 AVRO, Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (General Association of Radio Broadcasting), forms in the Netherlands
- 1929 Construction of the Dike of Wieringermeerpolder, Netherlands, is finished
- 1931 Chilean president Carlos Ibáñez is forced out
- 1931 Grasshoppers in Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota destroy thousands of acres of crops
- 1932 Paul Gorgoulov, assassin of French president Doumer, sentenced to death
- 1934 French Socialist/Communist Party of the Popular Front forms
- 1935 Floods at Yangtze Jiang and Huang He kill 200,000
- 1940 Billboard magazine begins publishing bestseller charts
1st Billboard Singles Chart
1940 Billboard publishes its first singles record chart; “I’ll Never Smile Again” by Tommy Dorsey, with vocals by Frank Sinatra, is ranked #1
- 1940 Bugs Bunny, Warner Bros. cartoon character created by Tex Avery and Bob Givens for the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series, debuts in “A Wild Hare”
- 1941 103°F is recorded in Cleveland, the highest temperature recorded in Cleveland in July
- 1941 German army enters Ukraine
- 1941 Japanese forces land in Indochina
- 1942 Transport #11 departs Drancy, France, with 1000 French Jews sent to Auschwitz concentration camp; 13 survive until the war’s end
- 1943 772 British bombers attack Hamburg
- 1944 First British jet fighter used in combat (Gloster Meteor)
- 1944 Soviet Army frees Majdanek concentration camp
- 1944 US troops occupy Le Mesnil-Herman/Hill 183 in Normandy
- 1945 Cubs purchase pitcher Hank Borowy from NY Yankees
- 1945 US Communist Party forms
- 1946 Boston Red Sox’s Rudy York hits two grand slams in one game and gets 10 RBIs
Yogi Berra Begins Streak
1947 New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra starts a record 148-game errorless streak
- 1948 Australia set 404 to win against England at Headingley
- 1948 Otto Skorzeny escapes an internment camp near Darmstadt, germany
- 1949 De Havilland Comet, the world’s first commercial jet airliner, makes its maiden flight
- 1950 US President Harry Truman promises aid to Taiwan
- 1952 Swedish race walker John Mikaelsson wins back-to-back gold medals in the 10,ooo m event at the Helsinki Olympics, having won the corresponding race in London in 1948
- 1953 Dizzy Dean, Al Simmons, “Chief” Bender, Bobby Wallace, Harry Wright, Ed Barrow, Bill Klem, and Tom Connolly are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame
1953 North Korea and the United Nations sign armistice to stop fighting and divide Korea at the 38th parallel
- 1953 Vatican disallows priests from working in factories during holidays
- 1954 Armistice divides Vietnam into two countries
- 1955 Austria regains full independence after four-power occupation since WWII
- 1955 Israeli passenger plane shot down above Bulgaria, killing 58
- 1957 St. James’ Theatre in London closes
- 1959 Abbas Ali Baig scores 112 for India against England on debut
- 1959 Baseball’s new Continental League is formally announced by attorney William Shea; teams in Denver, Colorado; Houston, Texas; Minneapolis–St. Paul, Minnesota; New York City; and Toronto, Ontario are confirmed, with three more to be named later
- 1959 William Shea announces plans to have a baseball team in New York City in 1961
Richard Nixon Nominated
1960 US Vice-president Richard Nixon nominated for presidential candidate at Republican convention in Chicago
- 1962 Mariner 2 launches to Venus for a flyby mission
- 1962 USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1963 Fritz Von Erich defeats Verne Gagne in Omaha to become NWA champion
- 1963 General Amin al-Hafez becomes President of Syria
- 1964 “Sometimes a Great Notion,” the second novel by Ken Kesey, is published by Viking Press
- 1965 Pierre Harmel forms Belgian government
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act
1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill requiring cigarette manufacturers to print health warnings about the effects of smoking on all cigarette packages
- 1967 Helmond Sport football team founded in Helmond, Netherlands
- 1967 President Lyndon B. Johnson sets up a commission to study the causes of urban violence
- 1967 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1968 Race Riot in Gary Indiana
- 1970 Expos beat White Sox 10-6 in the annual Hall of Fame game
- 1970 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll
1970 Lou Boudreau, Earle Combs, Ford Frick, and Jesse Haines are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York
- 1972 The F-15 Eagle flies for the first time
- 1973 40th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: Miami 14, All-Stars 3 (54,103 attendees)
- 1973 Walter Blum becomes the sixth jockey to ride 4,000 winners
- 1974 House Judiciary Committee votes 27-11 to recommend Nixon’s impeachment
- 1975 The British government closes its consulate in Angola following increased fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola and South African troops
Green Card for Lennon
1976 Former Beatle John Lennon is granted a green card for permanent residence in the US
- 1976 Japanese ex-premier Tanaka arrested (Lockheed Affair)
- 1978 Cleveland Indians’ Duane Kuiper becomes the third player in MLB history to hit two bases-loaded triples in a game at Yankee Stadium
Mário Soares Sacked
1978 Portuguese President António Ramalho Eanes fires Premier Mário Soares
Music History
1981 Modern/Atco Records releases “Bella Donna,” the debut solo album by singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac; hit singles include “Stop Draggin’ My Heart Around” with Tom Petty, “Edge of Seventeen,” and “Leather and Lace” with Don Henley
Little Shop of Horrors
1982 Alan Menken and Howard Ashman’s musical “Little Shop of Horrors” opens Off-Broadway at the Orpheum Theatre in NYC
Gandhi Visit to the US
1982 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi‘s first visit to the US in almost 11 years
- 1983 104°F (40.3°C) in Garmersdorf (German record)
10,000m Record Set
1985 Ingrid Kristiansen of Norway becomes the first woman to run 10,000 m in under 31 minutes, setting the world record at 30:59.42 in Oslo, Norway
- 1986 Iraqi fighter jets attack the central Iranian city of Arak, prompting Iran to threaten a missile attack on Gulf states supporting Iraq
- 1987 First expedited salvage of Titanic wreck begins by RMS Titanic, Inc.
- 1987 John Demjanjuk, accused Nazi “Ivan the Terrible,” testifies in Israel
- 1987 Salt Lake City Trappers lose 7-5 to Billings Mustangs, ending their professional record-winning streak at 29 consecutive games
Baseball History
1988 Baseball star Tommy John commits a record three errors on one play as the Yankees rout the Brewers 16-3
- 1988 Boston’s worst traffic jam in 30 years
- 1988 General Sein Lwin succeeds San Yu as the 6th President of Burma
- 1988 RadioShack announces Tandy 1000 SL computer
Baseball History
1989 Atlanta Brave Dale Murphy becomes the 10th player to achieve six RBIs in an inning (6th)
- 1990 Belarus declares independence
Zsa Zsa Gabor Enters Jail
1990 Zsa Zsa Gabor begins a 3-day jail sentence for slapping a police officer in Beverly Hills
- 1991 TV Guide publishes its 2000th edition
- 1992 Astros begins 26-game road trip to make room for Republican National Convention
- 1992 Dimitri Lepikov, Vladimir Pychenko, Veniamin Taianovitch, and Evgueni Sadovyi swim a world record in the 4 x 200 m freestyle (7:11.95)
- 1992 Japanese swimmer Kyoko Iwasaki wins the 200 m breaststroke in Barcelona to become the youngest to win an Olympic gold medal at 14 years and 6 days old
Mandela Promises General Strike
1992 Nelson Mandela announces a general strike to protest the removal of South African President F. W. de Klerk from power and to demand free elections
- 1993 Detroit infielder Travis Fryman hits for the cycle, but the Tigers lose 12-7 to the NY Yankees
- 1993 Javier Sotomayor sets a high jump world record at 2.45 m
- 1993 Mafia bombs historical buildings in Rome, Milan, and Vatican City, killing 5
- 1993 NBC TV is awarded coverage of the 1996 Olympics for $456 million
- 1993 New York Met Anthony Young wins, ending his losing streak at 27 games
- 1995 Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
- 1996 Bomb explodes at Atlanta Olympic Park, killing one and injuring 110
- 1996 Brazilian pair Jackie Silva and Sandra Pires win inaugural women’s beach volleyball gold medal at the Atlanta Olympics
- 1996 David Sales makes 210 on first class cricket debut for Northants vs. Worcs
- 1997 Detroit Tigers retire pitching great Hal Newhouser’s #16
- 1997 Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria kills about 50 people
- 2002 A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an airshow at Lviv, Ukraine, killing 85 and injuring more than 100 in the largest airshow disaster in history
Magdalo Soldiers Take Oakland Center
2003 A group of 321 Filipino armed soldiers called “Magdalo” takes over Oakwood Premier Ayala Center in Makati City to show the Filipino people the alleged corruption of the Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo administration
- 2005 NASA postpones all Shuttle flights pending an investigation into the foam-shedding problem on Discovery’s external tanks
- 2006 The Federal Republic of Germany is deemed guilty in the loss of Bashkirian 2937 and DHL Flight 611 because it is illegal to outsource flight surveillance
- 2007 Two news helicopters from Phoenix, Arizona television stations KNXV and KTVK collide over Steele Indian School Park in central Phoenix while covering a police chase; there are no survivors. It is the worst civil aviation incident in Phoenix history.
London Olympics Opening Ceremony
2012 Queen Elizabeth II opens the 30th Olympic Games in London with some help from 007
- 2013 1,000 inmates escape from a prison in Benghazi, Libya
- 2013 100 people are killed and 1,500 injured in a crackdown against protesters in Cairo, Egypt
- 2013 First Przewalski’s horse, whose wild populations were believed extinct in 1969, is born via artificial insemination at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute as part of a worldwide effort to rebuild the wild herds
- 2014 Liberia shuts down most of its borders due to fears about the spread of Ebola epidemic
- 2015 Fiat Chrysler fined record $105 million by US regulators over their number of car recalls
- 2015 The Shanghai Composite Index drops 8.5% in one day
Bezos Becomes World’s Richest
2017 Amazon founder Jeff Bezos briefly becomes world’s richest person at $91.4B, overtaking Bill Gates for half a day
Boy Scouts Chief Apologizes
2017 Boy Scouts of American Chief Scout Executive Michael Surbaugh issues an apology for politically motivated remarks made by President Donald Trump at rally attended by 30,000 scouts
- 2017 Reince Priebus resigns as Chief of Staff to US President Donald Trump after just over 6 months, making it the shortest non-interim tenure
Diamond Thanks Firefighters
2018 American singer-songwriter Neil Diamond gives a small thank-you concert to firefighters near his home in Colorado
- 2018 CBS Chairman Leslie Moonves is accused of sexual misconduct in The New Yorker by journalist Ronan Farrow
- 2019 American swimmer Caeleb Dressel wins three gold medals in one day at the World Championships in Gwangju, South Korea: 50 m freestyle, 100 m butterfly, and mixed 4 × 100 m freestyle relay (WR 3:19.40)
- 2019 At least 65 mourners are killed in a gun attack at a funeral by suspected Boko Haram militants near Maiduguri in northeast Nigeria
- 2019 MLB Phillies revive the reviled 1979 all-burgundy alternate uniforms as part of a “retro night” promotion in a 15-7 loss to the Atlanta Braves at Citizens Bank Park, Philadelphia [1]
- 2019 US President Trump calls Baltimore a “disgusting, rat and rodent-infested mess” and holds Congress Rep Elijah Cummings responsible
- 2020 Google decides its employees can work from home until July 2021, becoming the largest tech company to commit to working from home
John Lewis Lies in State
2020 US congressman John Lewis becomes the first black lawmaker to lie in state in the Rotunda in Washington D.C.
Simone Biles Withdraws
2021 American gymnast and four-time Olympic gold medallist Simone Biles withdraws from the women’s team final at the Tokyo Games citing need to focus on her mental health; also misses individual finals
- 2021 China tests a missile with a hypersonic weapon system, later called “very close” to a Sputnik moment by a US general [1]
- 2021 Fiji retains the Olympic Rugby Sevens title with a 27-12 win over New Zealand in Tokyo, Japan, achieving only the second gold in the country’s Olympic history
- 2021 Florida records its highest one-day total of COVID-19 cases since the start of the pandemic at 21,683
- 2021 Ítalo Ferreira of Brazil and American Carissa Moore claim inaugural men’s and women’s surfing gold medals at the Tokyo Olympic Games
- 2021 Largest-ever repatriation of 17,000 looted Iraqi antiquities returns to Baghdad, including items from Hobby Lobby’s Museum of the Bible and Cornell University
- 2021 Swiss team of Jolanda Neff, Sina Frei, and Linda Indergand make a clean sweep of the medals in the women’s cross-country mountain bike event at the Tokyo Olympics
- 2021 Triathlete Flora Duffy wins first Olympic gold medal for Bermuda in the women’s event at the Tokyo Games
- 2022 170-carat pink diamond “Lulo Rose,” thought to be the largest discovered in 300 years, is announced as found in Angola [1]
- 2023 City of Phoenix, Arizona, heat record continues with 28 consecutive days of temperatures at or above 110°F (43.3°C); overnight low falls below 90°F (32.2°C) for the first time in 18 days
Sports History
2024 Australian swimmer Ariarne Titmus retains her 400 m freestyle crown at the Paris Olympics in 3:57.49, defeating Canada’s Summer McIntosh and Katie Ledecky of the US
Olympic Gold
2024 Australian swimmer Emma McKeon wins her career sixth gold and 14th Olympic medal over three Games as part of the victorious 4 x 100 m freestyle relay team in Paris
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