- 238 The Roman Senate and Praetorian Guard proclaim 13-year-old Gordian III as Emperor – the youngest-ever emperor of a united Rome [1]
- 362 Emperor Julianus of Constantinople’s “School Edict” prohibit Christian teachers from using pagan literature, which was standard text for classical education at the time
- 626 Avars under Khagan Bayan begin the siege of Constantinople, which fails, preserving the Eastern Roman Empire
- 904 Byzantine city Thessalonica is sacked by Saracen pirates led by renegade Leo of Tripoli
- 1014 Battle of Strumitsa Valley: Byzantines destroy Bulgarian armies
- 1030 Battle of Stiklestad: Norwegian King Olaf II is killed while trying to reclaim the throne, one of the most famous Norwegian battles
- 1179 Lando Sittino proclaims (anti-)pope Innocent III
- 1221 Emperor Go-Horikawa, aged only 10 years old, ascends to the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan
1279 Five emissaries dispatched by Kublai Khan from the Mongol Yuan dynasty are beheaded in Japan
- 1579 Antwerps request union with Utrecht
1588 The “Invincible” Spanish Armada is sighted approaching England, and several skirmishes follow forcing the invading fleet to make a long and costly retreat around Scotland and Ireland
Champlain Shoots Iroquois Chiefs
1609 Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs at Ticonderoga, New York, setting the stage for French-Iroquois conflicts for the next 150 years
- 1629 French colonist Samuel de Champlain surrenders Montreal to British privateers led by David Kirke after a blockade of the colony
- 1634 Dutch fleet under Johannes van Walbeeck lands on Curaçao
- 1655 The largest town hall in the world at the time opens in Amsterdam
- 1665 Dutch VOC troops and their allies attack the fort of Asaudi, driving out Makasar and Hoamoalese defenders during the Great Ambon War (modern Indonesia) [1]
- 1676 Nathaniel Bacon is declared a rebel for assembling frontiersmen to protect settlers from Native Americans
- 1693 War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen/Neerwinden – France wins a Pyrrhic victory over Allied forces in the Spanish Netherlands
- 1715 Ten Spanish treasure galleons sink off Florida’s coast in a hurricane
- 1751 First international world title prizefight: Jack Stack of England defeats challenger M. Petit of France in 29 minutes in England
- 1773 First schoolhouse west of the Allegheny Mountains is completed in Schoenbrunn, Ohio
- 1773 Santa Marta earthquakes destroy much of the capital city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, New Spain (now Antigua, Guatemala); over 500 people are killed instantly, and 600 more die later from resulting disease and starvation
- 1783 Skaftár Volcano in Iceland erupts, killing about 9,000 people
- 1786 The Pittsburgh Gazette, the first newspaper west of the Alleghenies, is published
- 1793 John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto after sailing into the bay
- 1794 African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia is dedicated
- 1835 First sugar plantation in Hawaii is established
- 1836 Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
- 1847 Cumberland School of Law is founded in Lebanon, Tennessee, USA. At the end of 1847, only 15 law schools exist in the United States.
- 1848 Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt – an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police
- 1851 Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia
- 1858 Treaty of Amity and Commerce, also known as the Harris Treaty, is signed between the US and Japan, opening Japanese ports to trade
- 1862 American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C.
- 1864 American Civil War: Battle of Macon, Georgia (Stoneman’s Raid)
- 1864 American Civil War: third and last day of the Battle at Deep Bottom Run, Virginia
- 1874 Major Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a portable tennis court
Society of Independent Artists
1884 Society of Independent Artists is founded in Paris by Albert Dubois-Pillet, Odilon Redon, Georges Seurat, and Paul Signac
- 1899 First motorcycle race at Manhattan Beach, New York
- 1899 Southern California Golf Association forms
- 1899 The First Hague Convention concerning land war customs and laws is signed
- 1900 King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated in Italy by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci
- 1902 Union of Orthodox Rabbis of US and Canada forms
Taft-Katsura Agreement
1905 US Secretary of War William Howard Taft makes a secret agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Katsura, agreeing to give Japan free rein in Korea in return for non-interference with the US in the Philippines
- 1907 First helicopter ascent in Douai, France
- 1908 St. Louis Browns’ future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Rube Waddell strikes out 16 Philadelphia A’s in a 5-4 win against his previous team at Sportsman’s Park II, St. Louis
- 1910 J.W.E.L. Hilgers is the first Dutchman to fly above Dutch territory
- 1911 Boston Red Sox’s Joe Wood no-hits St. Louis Browns, 5-0
- 1913 Independence of the Principality of Albania recognized by the Conference of London
- 1914 Austria-Hungary bombs Belgrade
- 1914 British fleet leaves Portland and passes through the Strait of Dover
- 1914 First transcontinental phone link made between New York City and San Francisco
- 1914 In response to Austria’s declaration of war on Serbia, Russian diplomats and generals urge general mobilization, but the Tsar calls for partial mobilization
Wagner’s Grand Slam HR
1915 Pirate Honus Wagner, at 41, hits a grand slam home run
- 1916 Cochrane and Matheson forest fire, 500,000 acres (2,000 km²) in size in Ontario, takes approximately 223 lives and leads to improved techniques and legislation for the prevention and control of forest fires [1]
- 1920 Construction of the Link River Dam begins as part of the Klamath Reclamation Project, Oregon
- 1920 First successful transcontinental US airmail flight from New York to San Francisco
Hitler National Socialists Workers Leader
1921 Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party
- 1921 New language rules give equal rights to the Flemish and Walloons in Belgium
- 1922 Greek troops defeat Turkish forces and are on their way to Constantinople, but the Allies forbid them from taking the city
- 1923 The Communist Party of Germany (KPD) holds Struggle Day against fascism in Germany
- 1927 First iron lung installed at Bellevue Hospital in New York
- 1927 Phil Mead scores his 100th century, Hampshire vs. Northants
- 1928 Cleveland Indians score 17 in the first two innings to defeat the New York Yankees 24-6 at Dunn Field, setting a record with 24 singles in one game
Steamboat Willie
1928 Test footage is first created for Walt Disney‘s “Steamboat Willie,” featuring Mickey Mouse
Bonnie and Clyde Police Shootout
1933 Police shootout with Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow‘s gang in Iowa leaves one member, Clyde’s brother Buck Barrow, dead and one captured; Bonnie and Clyde escape
- 1937 Japanese troops occupy Peking and Tianjin
- 1937 Tongzhou Incident: East Hopei Army mutinies against Japanese troops and civilians
- 1938 Olympic National Park is established in Washington state, featuring the longest undeveloped coastline in America
- 1940 SV Urk Dutch soccer team forms
- 1942 Eastern Blvd in the Bronx, NYC, is renamed Bruckner Boulevard in honor of former Bronx Borough President and US Congressman Henry Bruckner
- 1942 Transport #12 departs Drancy, France, with 1001 French Jews sent to Auschwitz concentration camp; five survive until the war’s end
- 1943 Nazis evacuate Hollandsche Schouwburg in Amsterdam
- 1943 One million inhabitants flee Hamburg
- 1944 Allied air forces bomb Germany for 6 hours
- 1944 MLB Cincinnati Reds’ Frank McCormick hits a home run off New York Giants’ Ace Adams in both games of a doubleheader
- 1944 US fourth Armored Division occupies Avranches, Normandy
- 1947 Gas leak explodes in a beauty parlor, killing 10 women in Harrisonburg, Virginia
- 1955 Smokey Burgess hits three home runs to help Pirates defeat Reds 16-5
- 1955 USSR performs nuclear test
- 1956 WCKT (now WSVN) TV channel 7 in Miami, Florida (IND) begins broadcasting
Patterson TKOs Jackson
1957 Floyd Patterson TKO’s Tommy Jackson in the 10th round for the heavyweight boxing title
- 1957 International Atomic Energy Agency is formed by the United Nations
- 1958 Southern Pacific Bay ferries stop operating in San Francisco
NASA Established
1958 US President Eisenhower signs into law the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, establishing NASA
- 1959 First United States Congress elections in Hawaii as a state of the Union
- 1961 Philadelphia Phillies lose 4-3 to the SF Giants at Connie Mack Stadium, the first of an MLB record 23 consecutive defeats
- 1961 Wallis and Futuna Islands become a French overseas territory
- 1965 Beatles movie “Help!” has Royal World Premiere at the London Pavilion Theatre in the West End of London; Princess Margaret and the Earl of Snowdon attend
- 1965 Major League record 26 strikeouts: Phillies (16), Pirates (10)
- 1965 The USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1966 Bob Dylan is hurt in a motorcycle accident near Woodstock, New York
Music History
1966 First show by rock trio “Cream,” consisting of guitarist Eric Clapton, bassist Jack Bruce, and drummer Ginger Baker, at the Twisted Wheel nightclub in Manchester, England
- 1966 Nigerian counter-coup: Head of State General Aguiyi Ironsi is assassinated by a group of Northern Nigerian officers and soldiers
- 1967 A 6.5 earthquake strikes Caracas, Venezuela, causing significant damage
- 1967 Fire aboard aircraft carrier USS Forrestal in the Gulf of Tonkin kills 134 sailors
- 1967 The Doors’ single “Light My Fire” hits #1 in the US
- 1968 Arenal Volcano erupts in Costa Rica, killing 87 people and burying three small villages
- 1968 Cincinnati Reds’ George Culver no-hits Phillies 6-1
- 1968 Gram Parsons refuses to play with the Byrds in South Africa
- 1969 Mariner 6 begins transmitting distant-encounter photos of Mars
- 1970 Six days of race riots in Hartford, Connecticut
- 1972 France conducts a nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll
- 1972 Singer-songwriter Gilbert O’Sullivan starts a five-week run at no. 1 with his single “Alone Again (Naturally)”
- 1973 Greek plebiscite chooses republic over monarchy
- 1973 Led Zeppelin has more than $200,000 in cash stolen from a safe deposit box at the New York Hilton hotel
- 1974 Episcopal Church ordains female priests
- 1974 France conducts a nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll
- 1974 Second impeachment vote against President Nixon by the House Judiciary Committee
- 1975 Ford becomes the first US President to visit Auschwitz concentration camp
Coup d’état
1975 Military coup by General Mohammed leads to the ousting of Nigerian President Yakubu Gowon
- 1976 In New York City, the “Son of Sam” kills one person and seriously wounds another in the first of a series of attacks
- 1976 Seychelles gains independence (Independence Day)
- 1976 The USSR performs an underground nuclear test
- 1978 American Penny Dean swims the English Channel in a record 7 hours and 40 minutes; record holds until 1995
Yankees Announce Shake Up
1978 On Old Timer’s Day, the NY Yankees announce that Billy Martin will return as the NY Yankees manager in 1980, and Bob Lemon will become the GM
Bowie on Stage
1980 David Bowie stars in the dramatic stage play “The Elephant Man” at the Auditorium Theatre in Denver, Colorado
- 1981 Anti-apartheid protesters against the Springbok rugby tour are confronted by police, who use batons to stop them from marching to the South African consulate in New Zealand
- 1981 Cleveland Metroparks Zoo Amphitheater is dedicated in Cleveland, Ohio
- 1981 Deposed Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr flees to Paris after being smuggled aboard an Iranian Air Force Boeing 707, having shaved his eyebrows and mustache and dressed in a skirt
- 1983 “Friday Night Videos”, a late-night music program, premieres on NBC TV
Baseball Record
1983 MLB San Diego Padres first baseman Steve Garvey ends his National League record of 1,207 consecutive games streak
Tina Turner Films Prison Video
1985 Tina Turner films the music video for the song “One Of The Living” at Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the song is from the film “Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome,” in which she co-stars with Mel Gibson
- 1986 Bomb attack in West Beirut kills 30
- 1986 Dennis Amiss scores his 100th century, Warwickshire vs. Lancashire
- 1986 New York jury rules National Football League violated antitrust laws and awards United States Football League $1 in damages
Cherry Garcia
1987 Ben & Jerry’s Ice Cream and Jerry Garcia agree on a new flavor: Cherry Garcia, featuring cherry ice cream with cherries and fudge flakes
- 1988 Baltimore trades Mike Boddicker to the Red Sox for Brady Anderson and Curt Schilling
- 1988 FDIC bails out First Republic Bank, Dallas, with $4 billion
- 1988 Judge orders NASA to release unedited tape from Challenger cockpit
- 1988 Rick Sutcliffe steals home, becoming the first pitcher since Pascual Perez in 1984 to do so
- 1988 South African government bans anti-apartheid film “Cry Freedom”
- 1989 Javier Sotomayor of Cuba sets a high jump record at 8.046 ft (2.45 m) in San Juan, Puerto Rico
Phillies Retire #32
1989 Philadelphia Phillies retire #32 in honor of pitcher Steve Carlton
- 1989 Vince Coleman‘s record streak stops at 50 consecutive stolen bases
- 1989 White Sox trade Harold Baines to Rangers for Scott Fletcher and Sammy Sosa
- 1990 Boston Red Sox set a Major League record with 12 doubles in a game
- 1990 South Africa Communist Party begins first legal conference
- 1991 First Sunday Night game at Shea Stadium (Mets defeat Cubs 6-0)
- 1992 American actor Ray Sharkey is arrested for narcotic possession
- 1992 American Michael Ray Barrowman swims a world record in the 200 m breaststroke (2:10.16) at the World Championships in Perth, Australia, breaking his own record set in August 1991
- 1992 Arkadiusz Skrzypaszek of Poland defeats Hungarian Attila Mizsér by 113 points (5,559 points) to win the pentathlon gold medal at the Barcelona Olympics; Poland also wins the team gold
- 1992 Yevgeni Sadovyi of the Unified Team swims a world record in the 400 m freestyle in 3:45.00 to complete the 200-400 m freestyle double at the Barcelona Olympics
- 1993 Cincinnati Reds pitcher Thomas Browning is arrested for marijuana possession
- 1993 Israeli Court of Appeal overturns conviction of John Demjanjuk 5-0, stating insufficient evidence he is Concentration Camp guard Ivan the Terrible
- 1993 Walter Koenig (Chekov in Star Trek) suffers a mild heart attack
- 1994 200,000 Muslims demand the death of feminist writer Taslima Nasrin in Bangladesh
- 1994 American minister and anti-abortionist Paul Jennings Hill murders Dr. John Britton and Britton’s bodyguard, retired Air Force Lieutenant Colonel James Barrett, outside an abortion clinic in Pensacola, Florida
- 1994 Former Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi receives an 8½-year jail sentence on corruption charges; he flees to Tunisia, never to return to Italy
- 1994 Henny Eman’s Aruban People’s Party wins parliamentary election in Aruba
- 1994 India army kills 27 Muslim militants
- 1994 Jesse Timmendequas rapes and murders Megan Kanka, 7, resulting in Megan’s Law
- 1995 Carolina Panthers defeat Jacksonville Jaguars in their first NFL exhibition game 20-14
Tommy Lasorda Retires
1996 MLB Los Angeles Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda retires, with a record of 1599-1439, four National League Pennants, and two World Series championships.
- 1996 The controversial child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act (1996) is struck down as too broad by a U.S. federal court
- 2005 Astronomers announce their discovery of dwarf planet Eris
- 2009 Temperature reaches 103°F (39.44°C) in Seattle, Washington, the hottest day on record [1]
- 2010 The Walt Disney Company announces the sale of Miramax Films to Filmyard Holdings for $660 million
- 2012 Tropical Storm Khanun kills 88 people and leaves 60,000 homeless in North Korea
- 2013 300 prisoners are freed after a Taliban attack in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- 2013 44 people are killed in a wave of car bombings in Iraq
- 2013 US Coast Guard opens new headquarters in Washington, DC, and is officially designated as the Douglas A. Munro Coast Guard Headquarters Building in honor of USCG’s only WWII Medal of Honor recipient
- 2013 €103 million worth of diamonds is stolen from the Carlton Intercontinental Hotel, Cannes, France
Music History
2014 Authorities reverse ban on steel-string guitars in prison cells in England and Wales after a campaign by rock guitarists including Billy Bragg, David Gilmour, and Johnny Marr
- 2014 Chicago Cubs player John Baker scores in the bottom of the 16th for a 4-3 win over the Colorado Rockies at Wrigley Field in the longest game (6 hours, 27 minutes) in Cubs history
- 2014 France contributes 8 million euros in aid to Gaza
- 2014 One hundred Gazans are killed overnight by Israeli strikes
- 2015 “Sweat” by Lynn Nottage premieres at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival (Pulitzer Prize for Drama 2017)
- 2015 27 people are killed and 149 are injured after a truck runs into a religious procession in Zacatecas, Mexico
- 2015 Microsoft launches Windows 10
- 2015 Mullah Mohammed Omar, Taliban leader, is confirmed dead (killed in 2013) by the Afghan government
- 2015 Over 3,500 immigrants in 2 days attempt to enter the Channel Tunnel at Calais to cross into Britain
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