- 539 BC King Cyrus “the Great” of Persia marches into Babylon, freeing Jewish captives and allowing them to return home
- 1268 Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the German Hohenstaufen dynasty of Kings and Holy Roman Emperors, is executed with Frederick I, Margrave of Baden by Charles I of Sicily
- 1390 First trial for witchcraft in Paris
- 1591 Giovanni A. Facchinetti is elected as Pope Innocent IX
Walter Raleigh Executed
1618 English adventurer, writer, and courtier Walter Raleigh is beheaded for allegedly conspiring against King James I of England
- 1665 Battle of Mbwila [Ambuila]: Portuguese forces defeat the Kingdom of Kongo and decapitate King António I of Kongo, also known as Nvita a Nkanga
Integral Calculus
1675 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz makes the first use of the long s, ∫, for integral, helping to develop integral and differential calculus
Penn Lands in Pennsylvania
1682 William Penn lands at what is now Chester, Pennsylvania
Don Giovanni
1787 Opera “Don Giovanni,” with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and a libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte, premieres at the National Theater of Bohemia in Prague
- 1792 Mount Hood in Oregon is named after the British naval officer Alexander Arthur Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton, who spotted the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River
- 1794 French troops occupy Venlo (modern south east Netherlands)
- 1811 First Ohio River steamboat leaves Pittsburgh for New Orleans
- 1814 First steam-powered warship, “Demologos,” is launched in New York for the US Navy
- 1833 First US college fraternity to have a fraternity house is founded
- 1859 Spain declares war on Morocco
- 1863 International Committee of Red Cross forms as result Geneva held conference (Nobel 1917, 1944, 1963)
- 1864 Greek parliament accepts new Constitution
- 1867 Mail packets “Rhone” and “Wye” capsize off St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
- 1872 J. S. Risdon of Genoa, Illinois, patents the metal windmill
- 1881 Judge (U.S. magazine) first published
- 1886 The first ticker-tape parade marking the dedication of the Statue of Liberty is held in New York City [1]
- 1889 Queen Victoria grants Cecil Rhodes rights to Zambezia
- 1889 Stanley Park dedicated in Vancouver, British Columbia
- 1894 First election of Hawaiian Republic
- 1901 In Amherst, Massachusetts, nurse Jane Toppan is arrested for murdering the Davis family of Boston with an overdose of morphine
- 1904 First intercity trucking service (Colorado City and Snyder, Texas)
- 1905 Nama chief Hendrik Witbooi fatally injured fighting for independence against German colonists near Vaalgras (modern Namibia) [1]
- 1910 Hamilton running back / kicker Ben Simpson lands CFL record 11 singles in Tigers 14-7 win over Montreal at Montreal AAA Grounds
- 1913 Floods in El Salvador kill thousands
- 1914 Turkish warships storm the Black Sea
Aristide Briand Returns
1915 Aristide Briand becomes Prime Minister of France for the third time
- 1918 German sailors refuse to obey orders to fight British naval forces and lead a revolt in the naval ports of Wilhelmshaven, beginning the German Revolution
- 1920 Ed Barrow is appointed general manager of the New York Yankees
- 1921 The Link River Dam, a part of the Klamath Reclamation Project, is completed in northern California and Oregon
Mussolini Appointed PM
1922 Italian King Victor Emmanuell III appoints Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) as Prime Minister of Italy
- 1923 Army move SPD/KPD-government to German part of Saxony
- 1923 Gibbs, Grey and Wood’s revue “Runnin’ Wild” (introducing “The Charleston”) opens on Broadway, New York City
- 1923 Mustafa Kemal officially confirms Turkey as a republic (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), now commemorated annually as the Republic Day of Turkey
- 1923 Textile strike against lower wages begins in Enschede, Netherlands
UK General Election
1924 Labour minority government loses British parliamentary election to Conservatives led by Stanley Baldwin
- 1924 Musical revue “Dixie to Broadway” opens at Broadhurst Theater
1929 Stock market crash on Wall Street, known as “Black Tuesday,” triggers the Great Depression
You’ll Have To Swing It
1936 Ella Fitzgerald and the Chick Webb Orchestra record “(If You Can’t Sing It) You’ll Have To Swing It (Mr. Paganini)”; it becomes a staple in her repertoire as a launching point for scat vocals
- 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition closes for the first time
- 1939 NHL Babe Seibert Memorial Game: All-Stars beat Montreal 5-3
- 1940 Secretary of War Henry L Stimson draws the first number, #158, in the first peacetime military draft in US history
- 1942 Branch Rickey is named president and general manager of Brooklyn Dodgers
- 1942 Nazis murder 16,000 Jews in Pinsk, Soviet Union
- 1942 Seventh day of the Battle of El Alamein: Montgomery assault
- 1942 The Alaska highway is completed
- 1943 Three allied officers escape from camp Stalag Luft 3
- 1944 First Polish Armoured Division liberates Breda, Netherlands
- 1944 The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, with the help of multiple Allied units, frees Goes on South-Beveland
- 1945 American entrepreneur Milton Reynolds launches his “Reynolds Rocket” ballpoint pen in the US, months after the Biros were already on sale in the US
Vargas Ousted in Coup
1945 Dictator and President of Brazil Getúlio Vargas is ousted in a coup d’état led by the Brazilian Army
- 1945 Happy Chandler resigns as US Senator to succeed the late Kenesaw Mountain Landis as commissioner of baseball
- 1947 Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands form the Benelux Union
- 1947 Trial of art forger Han van Meegeren begins in Amsterdam
- 1948 Israeli forces liberate Meron and Gush-Halev
- 1948 Safsaf massacre: Israeli defence forces attack the Palestinian village of Safsaf in the Galilee
- 1949 White Sox trade catcher Joe Tipton to the Philadelphia Athletics for second baseman Nellie Fox
- 1950 British Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) Stafford Cripps resigns
- 1950 Cleveland Browns’ Marion Motley sets a record for the highest average gain in a game with 17.1 yards per carry (10 attempts) in a 45-7 victory over Pittsburgh
- 1950 Detroit Lions Wally Triplett achieves a kickoff return yardage of 294 yards against the LA Rams, the second highest in a single-game in NFL history
- 1953 A Baltimore group purchases St. Louis Browns
- 1954 Sweden begins experimental television broadcasts from the Royal Institute of Technology
- 1955 Belgium signs an accord for a 5-day work week (45 hours)
- 1955 Emile Zatopek runs a world record 15 mile (1:14:01) and 25,000 m (1:16:36)
Maria Callas Debuts
1956 Greek-American soprano Maria Callas makes her Metropolitan Opera debut in the title role of Bellini’s “Norma”
- 1956 International Xzone of Tangier returns to Kingdom of Morocco
Huntley–Brinkley Report
1956 NBC anchors Chet Huntley and David Brinkley first team up on “The Huntley–Brinkley Report”
- 1956 Suez Crisis erupts into war as Israel invades the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula, which is followed by a planned airborne assault by France and Britain
Grenade Explodes in the Knesset
1957 Hand grenade thrown from balcony in Israel’s Knesset (Parliament) injures Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion, Foreign Minister Golda Meir, and several others
Nobel Prize in Literature
1958 Boris Pasternak refuses the Nobel Prize in Literature under pressure from the Soviet authorities, who view the award as a political slight
- 1958 Dr. F. Mason Sones is the first doctor to perform a coronary angiogram
- 1958 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1959 Ten-nation soccer league to play all games on New York’s Randall’s Island is announced
Clay vs Hunsaker
1960 Cassius Clay [Muhammad Ali], in his first professional fight, beats Tunney Hunsaker on points in 6 rounds in Louisville, Kentucky
Fallingwater Conserved
1963 Edgar Kaufmann Jr. deeds his family property Fallingwater (1935), designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy [1]
- 1964 Australian Bobby Simpson completes a cricket century in each innings against Pakistan
- 1964 The Star of India sapphire and other jewels are stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in New York
- 1964 The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar are renamed The United Republic of Tanzania
- 1964 Town of Karmi’el is founded in Galilee
- 1965 The Who release their single “My Generation” in the UK
- 1965 US performs underground nuclear test at Amchitka Island, Aleutians
- 1966 NASA’s Lunar Orbiter 1 crashes on the Moon at 6.7°N 162°E
National Organization of Women
1966 National Organization of Women (NOW) is officially established at an organizing conference in Washington, D.C., with Betty Friedan elected as president [1]
- 1967 Danny Abramowicz begins an NFL streak of 105 consecutive game receptions
- 1967 Expo 67 closes in Montreal, Canada
- 1967 Galt MacDermot, Gerome Ragni, and James Rado’s hippie musical “Hair” opens off-Broadway at the Public Theatre in New York City for a limited 6-week run
- 1967 London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall
- 1968 USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan, USSR
Willy and the Poor Boys
1969 Fantasy Records releases “Willy and the Poor Boys,” the fourth studio album by the American rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival; their third album of the year is their most critically acclaimed and includes the hits “Down on the Corner” and “Fortunate Son”
- 1969 Tom Seaver is voted National League Cy Young Award
- 1969 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1969 US Supreme Court orders end to all school segregation “at once”
- 1969 USSR performs an underground nuclear test
- 1970 The Electoral Reform Society calls for the introduction of Proportional Representation (PR) in elections in Northern Ireland
- 1970 WYEA (now WLTZ) TV channel 38 in Columbus, GA (NBC) begins broadcasting
200 Motels
1971 Frank Zappa‘s musical mockumentary “200 Motels,” starring The Mothers of Invention, Theodore Bikel, and Ringo Starr, premieres in Beverly Hills, California
- 1972 Don Cockroft of Cleveland Browns kicks a 57-yard field goal
Mind Games
1973 Apple Records releases John Lennon‘s fourth studio album, “Mind Games,” in the US
- 1974 Law bans discrimination based on sex or marital status in credit applications
- 1975 “Yorkshire Ripper” Peter Sutcliffe kills his first victim, Wilma McCann
- 1975 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1977 Texas’ Russell Erideben kicks his third 60-yard field goal of the season
- 1977 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1979 Billy Martin is fired as Yankees manager for the second time
- 1982 Car maker John DeLorean is indicted for drug trafficking but is later acquitted
- 1983 550,000 Dutch demonstrate against cruise missiles
- 1983 Notre Dame’s Gil Fenerty rushes for 337 yards and 6 touchdowns
- 1984 NY Marathon won by Orlando Pizzolato (2:14:53) and Greta Weitz (2:29:30)
- 1985 Major General Samuel K. Doe is announced the winner of the first multiparty election in Liberia
- 1985 St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Joaquin Andújar is suspended by MLB for 10 games for bumping an umpire
1986 British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher opens the final stretch of London’s Orbital Motorway, the M25, the world’s longest ring road at the time at 117 miles (188.3 km)
Hearns Incredible Feat
1987 Thomas Hearns becomes the first boxer to win world titles in four different weight classes
- 1988 2,000 US anti-abortion protesters are arrested for blocking clinics
- 1988 First scheduled Soviet shuttle launch is postponed
- 1988 Jim Elliott (US) begins 24-hour paced outdoor race for 548.9 miles
- 1989 NYC MTA opens 63rd street extension to subway
- 1989 Ozzie Newsome ends NFL streak of 150 consecutive game receptions
- 1990 30 die in a 5.7 magnitude earthquake in Algeria
- 1991 American commercial fishing vessel (F/V) “Andrea Gail” and crew of six are lost at sea near Sable Island in North Atlantic Ocean; story becomes basis for the book and film “The Perfect Storm”
- 1991 Buck Showalter replaces Stump Merrill as New York Yankees manager
- 1993 Ace of Base release their single “The Sign” in Europe
- 1993 Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches a record 3687.86
- 1994 Antonov AN-12A crashes short of runway at Ust-Ilimsk Airport (Irkutsk, Russia), possibly due to icing; all 23 on board killed
- 1994 National Museum of American Indian joins the Smithsonian Institution and moves to the George Gustav Heye Center in Lower Manhattan, New York City [1]
- 1994 NY Lotto pays $60+ million
Pink Floyd’s Last Concert
1994 Pink Floyd finishes their final concert tour with a show at Earl’s Court in London
- 1995 Price of the Sunday NY News increases from $1 to $1.25
- 1997 Iraq’s Revolution Command Council announces that it will no longer allow US citizens and US aircraft to serve with UN arms inspection teams
- 1998 ATSC HDTV broadcasting in the United States is inaugurated with the launch of STS-95 space shuttle mission
- 1998 Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane in history, makes landfall in Honduras
- 1998 South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission presents its report, which condemns both sides for committing atrocities
Oldest Astronaut in Space
1998 Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off on STS-95 with 77-year-old John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space
- 1998 Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 with 39 passengers and crew is hijacked by a Kurdish militant, who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland; the pilot lands in Ankara, tricking the hijacker into believing he is landing in Sofia to refuel
- 1999 Deadliest Indian Ocean tropical super cyclone hits Odisha, India, with wind speeds of 300 mph, killing 9,885
- 2001 ExxonMobil announces that a consortium it leads will spend $4 billion over 5 years to develop large offshore oil and natural gas fields in Russia’s far eastern Sakhalin region
- 2002 In the deadliest disaster in Vietnam during peacetime, the Ho Chi Minh City ITC Inferno, a fire destroys a luxurious department store with 1,500 people shopping, killing over 60 people and resulting in over 100 people missing
Bin Laden Admits Responsibility
2004 Arabic news network Al Jazeera broadcasts an excerpt from a video of Osama bin Laden in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the September 11, 2001, attacks and references the 2004 U.S. presidential election
- 2004 In Rome, 25 European heads of state sign a treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
- 2005 Islamic terrorists set off three bombs in Delhi, killing 62 people and injuring hundreds
Lula Elected President
2006 Lula da Silva is elected President of Brazil, defeating Geraldo Alckmin in the second round
- 2007 Argentina elects its first female president, Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner
- 2008 Delta Air Lines merges with Northwest Airlines, creating the world’s largest airline and reducing the number of US legacy carriers to five
Archimedes Palimpsest
2008 The 10th-century Archimedes Palimpsest, featuring lost works of Archimedes, is made freely available on the web 10 years after being bought by an unknown tech figure
- 2011 Record-breaking snowstorm in the northeastern United States leaves nearly 2 million residents without power for more than 36 hours
- 2012 Hurricane Sandy makes landfall in New Jersey results in 110 deaths and $50 billion in damage and forces the New York stock exchange to close
- 2012 Publishing companies Penguin and Random House merge to form the world’s largest publisher
- 2015 China announces the end of its one-child policy after 35 years
- 2015 Paul Ryan (Republican, Wisconsin) is elected Speaker of the US House of Representatives, succeeding John Boehner (Republican, Ohio)
2017 British Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton finishes a distant 9th in Mexican Grand Prix at Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, good enough to clinch his 4th F1 World Drivers’ Championship
Bolsonaro Elected President
2018 Far-right politician Jair Bolsonaro wins Brazil’s presidential election, defeating Fernando Haddad
Merkel Announces Retirement
2018 German Chancellor Angela Merkel announces she will not seek re-election in 2021 and will step down as party leader
Most 3-Pointers in a Game
2018 Golden State shooting guard Klay Thompson breaks NBA record previously held by teammate Stephen Curry for most 3-pointers in a game with 14 in Warriors’ 149-124 win over the Bulls in Chicago
- 2018 Lion Air flight JT 610 crashes into the sea just after takeoff near Jakarta, Indonesia, with the loss of all 189 on board
- 2018 New research indicates the cacao tree was first used in Ecuador by the Mayo Chinchipe culture 5,000 years ago, not in Central America as previously thought
- 2018 Storms in Italy kill at least 11, with 75% of Venice flooded and two tornadoes striking Terracina
- 2018 World Scrabble Championship is won for the fourth time by New Zealand-Malaysian Nigel Richards with the word “groutier” (bad-tempered)
- 2019 1.5 million people are without power in California as utility company turns power off to try to avoid sparking more wildfires
- 2019 Lebanon’s Prime Minister Saad Hariri resigns after two weeks of nationwide protests and an economic crisis
- 2019 Rising seas could endanger 150 million people worldwide, three times more than previously thought, according to a study by Climate Central published in “Nature Communications”
- 2020 Former leader Jeremy Corbyn is suspended from the British Labour Party after saying a report into antisemitism in the party was “overstated”
- 2020 India records more than 8 million COVID-19 cases, the second country after the US, with a death toll of 120,527
- 2020 South Australian government axes the Adelaide 500 from 2021 Supercars Championship due to COVID-19 and falling revenue
- 2020 Three people stabbed to death in church in Nice, France, in an terrorist attack, after a similar attack and President Macron’s defense of right to publish cartoons of Prophet Muhammad
- 2022 Crowd surge at Halloween festivities in Seoul, South Korea, leaves 155 people dead [1]
- 2022 Misuzulu ka Zwelithini is crowned Zulu King in Durban, South Africa, in the first coronation since 1994 democratic elections [1]
- 2022 Twin car bombs by a jihadist group in Mogadishu, Somalia, kill 120 people
- 2023 Turkey celebrates 100 years since the founding of its republic [1]
- 2024 Extreme flash flooding in Spain’s southeastern Valencia region, caused by a year’s worth of rain in eight hours, leads to at least 222 deaths [1]
- 2024 Large, complex Mayan city Valeriana, capable of supporting up to 50,000 people from 750 to 850 AD, is rediscovered “by accident” in Campeche State, Mexico, using a LiDAR laser survey from 750 to 850 AD [1] [2]
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