- 1263 The battle of Largs: Scots defeat the Norwegians on the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, returning the Western Isles to Scotland and ending 500 years of Viking invasions
- 1518 Cardinal Thomas Wolsey of England makes a European plan
Cartier at Hochelaga
1535 French explorer Jacques Cartier first visits the Iroquois settlement of Hochelaga (later Montreal) [1]
- 1540 Venice and Turkey signs peace
Louis XIII an Adult
1614 French King Louis XIII is declared an adult at 13
1789 George Washington transmits the proposed constitutional amendments, known as the United States Bill of Rights, to the states for ratification
- 1792 Baptist Missionary Society is formed in London
- 1795 Tula, leader of the slave uprising, is sentenced to death in Curaçao
- 1799 Duke of York and Russians capture Alkmaar in the Netherlands
- 1804 Britain mobilizes to protect against French invasion
- 1833 New York Anti-Slavery Society is organized
- 1835 Battle of Gonzales is fought between Texan settlers and Mexican forces, the first engagement of the Texas Revolution
Darwin Returns to England
1836 After five years at sea, Charles Darwin returns to England aboard HMS Beagle
- 1851 The pasilalinic-sympathetic compass, a contraption built to test the pseudoscientific hypothesis that snails create a permanent telepathic link when they mate, is demonstrated but proves to be a fake
- 1853 Austrian law forbids Jews from owning land
- 1861 Former US VP John C. Breckinridge flees Kentucky
- 1864 Battle of Saltville, Virginia
- 1866 J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener
- 1870 Italy annexes Rome and the Papal States; Rome becomes the Italian capital
- 1872 Morgan State University is founded
- 1872 Phileas Fogg sets out on his journey as depicted in Jules Verne‘s “Around the World in Eighty Days”
- 1889 First Pan-American Conference is held in Washington, D.C.
- 1889 In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American Old West
- 1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane (Great October Storm) is the third worst hurricane in US history and one of the first to be classified as a Category 4 storm, killing 1,800 people in Louisiana
- 1895 The first newspaper comic strip, the Yellow Kid, appears in New York World
- 1899 The Boer Republic of the Orange Free State mobilizes its militia in preparation for a joint attack with the Transvaal Republic against British colonies in South Africa during the Second Boer War
- 1901 First Royal Navy submarine launched at Barrow-in-Furness
The Tale of Peter Rabbit
1902 Beatrix Potter‘s “The Tale of Peter Rabbit” is published by Frederick Warne & Co. in London
- 1904 German General Lothar von Trotha issues an order to exterminate the native Herero and Namaqua peoples of German South West Africa (present-day Namibia), resulting in the first genocide of the 20th century, which kills 65,000 Herero and 10,000 Namaqua
- 1904 White Sox left-hander Doc White’s streak of 45 consecutive MLB scoreless innings is snapped by the New York Highlanders in Chicago; White Sox win 7-1 at South Side Park III
Burns KOs Flynn
1906 Canadian world heavyweight boxing champion Tommy Burns knocks out American challenger “Fireman” Jim Flynn in 15 rounds to retain his title in Los Angeles, California
- 1908 Cleveland Naps and future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Addie Joss hurl a classic perfect game, beating Ed Walsh and the Chicago White Sox 1-0
- 1909 The first Rugby Union match is played at the English RFU-owned Twickenham ground; Harlequins beat Richmond 14-10
- 1910 First collision between two aircrafts in Milan, Italy
- 1910 Henry Wijnmalen flies to an altitude of 2,800 meters, setting a world record
- 1916 Pitching in his third start in five days, Philadelphia Phillies right-hander Grover Cleveland Alexander records his 20th-century MLB record 16th shutout of the year, a 2-0 win against the Boston Braves
- 1916 Zoological Society of San Diego is founded in San Diego, California
- 1919 First edition of the Dutch newspaper “Volkskrant” (The People’s Paper) is published
Woodrow Wilson Paralyzed
1919 US President Woodrow Wilson has a stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed
- 1920 China signs an agreement with the Russo-Asiatic Bank, largely French and Russian controlled, which oversees the Chinese Eastern Railway but gives local supervision to China
- 1920 Cincinnati Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates play the first and only MLB tripleheader in the 20th century; Reds win the first two games, 13-4 and 7-3; Pirates avoid the sweep in the finale, 6-0
- 1921 Chicago White Sox catcher Ray Schalk becomes the first and only MLB catcher to make a putout at all bases; White Sox beat Indians 7-4
- 1921 New York Yankees outfielder Babe Ruth hits a then-record 59th home run in a 7-6 win over his former club, the Boston Red Sox, at Polo Grounds, New York City
- 1923 British occupying army leaves Constantinople
- 1924 League of Nations approves Protocols of Geneva
Baker Performs in Paris
1925 Josephine Baker first performs in Paris in La Revue Nègre at Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
- 1926 Bert Gibb kicks nine singles as Hamilton Tigers beat Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers 12-10 in Montreal in Canadian Interprovincial Rugby Football Union opening round
- 1928 “Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God,” known as Opus Dei, is founded by Catholic priest Josemaría Escrivá in Madrid, Spain
- 1932 Washington Redskins (as Boston Braves) play franchise’s debut NFL game, losing 14-0 to Brooklyn Dodgers at Braves Field
Ah, Wilderness!
1933 Eugene O’Neill‘s comedic play “Ah, Wilderness!” premieres in New York City
- 1935 Hayden Planetarium in New York, the fourth in the US, opens
- 1936 Amsterdam’s Calvinist churches reject Nazism
- 1936 First auto alcohol plant for the industrial production of fuel alcohol from grains and potatoes starts operations in Atchison, Kansas
- 1936 French franc is devalued relatively late, after Britain in 1931 and the US in 1933
- 1938 Future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Bob Feller strikes out a record 18 Detroit Tigers, but his Cleveland Indians still lose 4-1 at Cleveland Stadium
- 1939 Prototype for the Ilyushin Il-2, the world’s most-produced military airplane designed by Sergey Ilyushin, takes its first flight; over 36,000 are made for the Soviet Air Force in WWII
- 1940 17 German aircraft shot down over England
- 1940 British Council receives Royal Charter
- 1941 Germany launches an attack on Moscow
- 1941 Six Paris synagogues are bombed by the Gestapo
- 1942 RMS Queen Mary, carrying thousands of US troops, slices cruiser HMS Curacoa in half, killing 239
- 1942 WWII: British Royal Navy boards floundering German U-boat U-559, retrieving abandoned Enigma code machine before it sinks; two British sailors go down with the sub
- 1943 Japanese troops leave Kolombangara, Solomon Islands
- 1943 New York Yankees sweep 14th MLB doubleheader of the year, beating St. Louis Browns 5-1 and 7-6 at Yankee Stadium
- 1944 Polish resistance fighters capitulate in the Warsaw Uprising after an estimated 250,000 people are killed
- 1944 US B-17s drop pamphlets on Walcheren
- 1946 First network soap opera “Faraway Hill” begins broadcasting on DuMont Television Network
- 1947 NY Yankees catcher Yogi Berra hits the first pinch-hit home run in World Series history off Ralph Branca in the 7th inning of a 9-8 loss to the Brooklyn Dodgers in Game 3
- 1947 Revised International Telecommunication Convention is adopted
- 1949 For the first time in 41 years, pennant races in both MLB leagues are decided on the final day of the season: (AL) Yankees upend rival Boston Red Sox 5-3; (NL) Dodgers beat the Phillies 9-7 for a 97-57 record; Cardinals 96-58
- 1949 USSR recognizes the People’s Republic of China
- 1950 Bob Shaw of the Chicago Cardinals sets an NFL record with 5 touchdown receptions in a 55-13 win against the Baltimore Colts; Cardinals quarterback Jim Hardy throws 6 touchdown passes
- 1951 First TV broadcast in the Netherlands (Toverspiegel)
- 1954 Don Liddle beats Bob Lemon 7-4 as the New York Giants complete an unlikely World Series sweep of the powerful Cleveland Indians; Cleveland’s season record of 111-43 sets an American League record for regular season wins
- 1954 The former French possession of Chandernagore becomes part of West Bengal, India
- 1955 “Alfred Hitchcock Presents” premieres on CBS television in the US
- 1955 Chivu Stoica becomes Premier of Romania
- 1955 WHTN (now WOWK) TV channel 13 in Huntington-Charleston, WV (CBS) begins broadcasting
- 1956 First atomic power clock exhibited in New York City
1957 “The Bridge on the River Kwai,” directed by David Lean and starring William Holden and Alec Guinness, is released (Academy Awards Best Picture 1958)
- 1957 New volcanic island appears off Faial Island, Azores
- 1958 Guinea (French Guinea) gains independence from France (National Day)
- 1958 Musical show “Valmouth” is first produced in London
- 1958 USSR performs a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1959 Rod Serling’s anthology series “The Twilight Zone” premieres on CBS TV
- 1961 American medical drama series “Ben Casey,” starring Vince Edwards and Sam Jaffe, premieres on ABC-TV
- 1961 USSR performs 250-kiloton nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1961 WETA TV channel 26 in Washington, D.C. (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1961 WHRO TV channel 15 in Hampton-Norfolk, Virginia (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1962 San Francisco Giants beat rival LA Dodgers 8-7 in 4 hours and 18 minutes in Game 2 of the NL tie-break series; it is the longest 9-inning game in MLB history; Giants win series 2-1
- 1962 The US performs an atmospheric nuclear test at Johnston Island
Grain Shipments To Russia
1963 West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer condemns western grain shipments to USSR
- 1964 Philadelphia’s Alex Johnson, Bobby Wine, Tony Taylor, and Vic Power combine for the Phillies’ third triple play of the season, tying the MLB record, in a 4-3 win against the Cincinnati Reds
- 1965 NY Yankees pitcher Mel Stottlemyre wins his 20th game of the season
- 1965 Pope Paul VI names Mr. Perey as the bishop’s helper of New Orleans
- 1966 Australian Robert “Nat” Young puts on a dominant performance to win the World Surfing Championship at Ocean Beach, San Diego; Joyce Hoffman of Capistrano Beach, California, wins the women’s title
- 1966 Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax wins his 27th game of the season, 6-3 against the Philadelphia Phillies; clinches Dodgers’ third National League pennant in four years
- 1967 All Grateful Dead members are arrested by narcotics agents for possession of marijuana in San Francisco, California
- 1967 Groundbreaking begins on Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia
1st Black Supreme Court Justice
1967 Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first Black Supreme Court Justice
- 1968 Mexico City police fire on protesting students, killing 300-500
- 1968 Redwood National Park is established to preserve the tallest trees on Earth by an act of the US Congress with 58,000 acres (later extended) [1]
- 1968 Republic of Guinea forms (Day of the Republic)
- 1969 Seattle Pilots’ last game in Seattle; crash to their 98th season loss, 3-1 to Oakland in front of just 5,473; move to Milwaukee as the Brewers next season
- 1969 US performs underground nuclear test at Amchitka Island, Aleutians
- 1970 Detroit general manager Jim Campbell gives controversial Billy Martin a 2-year deal (1971-72) to manage the Tigers at a well above MLB average annual salary of $65,000
- 1970 Fourteen members of the Wichita State University football team, as well as 17 administrators and supporters, are killed in a plane crash in the Rocky Mountains
- 1971 Homing pigeon averages a record 133 km/h in a 1,100 km race in Australia
- 1972 Aeroflot Il-18 crashes near the Black Sea resort of Sochi, killing 105
- 1972 Bill Stoneman of Montreal pitches his second no-hitter, beating the Mets 7-0
- 1972 Danish population votes for membership in the European Common Market
- 1972 Montreal Expos pitcher Bill Stoneman no-hits the New York Mets 7-0 at Parc Jarry, the first MLB no-hitter ever pitched in Canada
- 1972 Ron Johnson becomes the first New York Giant to score four touchdowns (against Philadelphia)
Hank’s Final HR
1974 Future Baseball Hall of Fame right fielder Hank Aaron hits his final home run as a member of the Atlanta Braves in a 13-0 drubbing of the Cincinnati Reds, Aaron’s 733rd career home run in his last NL at-bat
- 1975 Four Ulster Volunteer Force members are killed after a bomb they are carrying prematurely explodes in Farrenlester, near Coleraine
- 1975 The Ulster Volunteer Force kills 7 civilians in a series of attacks across Northern Ireland; 6 are Catholic civilians and 1 is a Protestant civilian
1977 Austrian Ferrari driver Niki Lauda finishes fourth in the US Grand Prix East at Watkins Glen to clinch his second Formula 1 World Drivers’ Championship, while Englishman James Hunt wins the race
- 1977 Dusty Baker hits his 30th homer of the season against Astros’ J.R. Richard; the Dodgers become the first team in MLB history to have four players hit 30 or more home runs, joining Steve Garvey (33), Reggie Smith (32), and Ron Cey (30)
- 1977 Pakistani General Zia ul-Haq bans all opposition
- 1978 Syrians and Palestinians exchange fire in East Beirut, killing 1,300
- 1978 The NY Yankees win their third consecutive AL East title, beating the Boston Red Sox 5-4 in a dramatic single playoff game; Ron Guidry secures his 25th win, aided by Bucky Dent’s three-run homer
Pope Denounces Concentration Camps
1979 Pope John Paul II visits New York City and at the UN denounces all concentration camps and torture
Holmes vs. Ali
1980 38-year-old Muhammad Ali comes out of a two-year retirement to challenge undefeated world heavyweight champion Larry Holmes at Caesars Palace, Las Vegas. Ali is pounded unmercifully for ten rounds before his corner throws in the towel.
- 1980 Michael Myers (D-Pa) is the first representative expelled in over 100 years after being caught in the Abscam sting operation
- 1981 Ali Khamenei is elected president of Iran
- 1981 Seventeen-year-old gelding Behavin Jerry, the oldest winning racehorse in modern times, sets the record for the most career starts by a thoroughbred (307)
- 1982 Bomb attack in Tehran kills 60 and injures 700
The Portland Building
1982 The Portland Building, designed by Michael Graves, is considered the first postmodern office tower and opens in Portland, Oregon [1]
- 1983 Carl Yastrzemski’s last at-bat
- 1983 Green Bay Packers erupt for an NFL record 49 points in the first half (35 in the second quarter) to clobber the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 55-14 at Tampa Stadium
- 1983 Wide receiver Art Monk begins his NFL streak of 183 consecutive games with a reception in the Washington Redskins’ 37-35 win over the LA Raiders
- 1984 Due to a strike by MLB umpires, the first four NLCS games are played with replacement umpires; Game 1: Chicago Cubs beat the San Diego Padres 13-0
- 1984 Papa John’s Pizza is founded by John Schnatter in Jeffersonville, Indiana, and it goes on to become the fourth-largest pizza delivery restaurant chain in the United States
- 1984 Richard Miller becomes the first former FBI agent to be charged with espionage
- 1984 Three cosmonauts return after a record 237 days in orbit
- 1985 A coalition led by Mayor Richard Caliguiri, consisting of public and private groups committed to keeping the struggling Pittsburgh Pirates in town for at least five years, reaches an agreement to buy the baseball team for $22 million
- 1985 Detroit first baseman Darrell Evans hits home run #40 in the Tigers’ 4-2 win over the Toronto Blue Jays; he is the first to record 40 home runs in an MLB season in both leagues
- 1986 Astros starter Mike Scott finishes the MLB regular season with 306 strikeouts, achieving 8 in a 2-1 win in San Francisco, becoming the 3rd NL pitcher to reach 300 in a season
- 1986 New York Mets’ Dwight Gooden becomes the first pitcher to collect 200 strikeouts in each of his first three seasons when he records seven in an 8-2 win against the Pittsburgh Pirates
Attempt on Rajiv Gandhi
1986 Sikhs attempt to assassinate Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi
Lennox Wins Heavyweight Gold
1988 Future world heavyweight boxing champion Lennox Lewis, representing Canada, wins the super-heavyweight gold medal at the Seoul Olympics and beats American Riddick Bowe by a second round TKO
- 1988 Gelindo Bordin of Italy wins the men’s marathon in 2:10:32 at the Seoul Olympics, beating world champion Douglas Wakiihuri of Kenya by 15 seconds
- 1988 In a season-ending 7-5 win in St. Louis, NY Mets outfielder Kevin McReynolds sets an MLB record by stealing 21 bases without being caught during the season
- 1988 Mike Tyson wrecks furniture in his mansion in Bernardsville, NJ, during a domestic dispute
- 1988 Minnesota Twins total 3,030,672 in attendance at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, becoming the first AL club ever to break 3 million in an MLB season
- 1988 New Zealand horseman Mark Todd wins the individual eventing gold medal aboard Charisma at the Seoul Olympics, his second consecutive gold after winning in 1984
- 1988 Pakistan’s Supreme Court orders free elections
- 1988 South Korean light middleweight boxer Park Si-hun is controversially awarded the Seoul Olympic gold medal after appearing well-beaten by future four-weight class world champion Roy Jones Jr
- 1988 XXIV Summer Olympic Games close at the Seoul Olympic Stadium
- 1989 TV true life drama “A Cry for Help: The Tracey Thurman Story” premieres on NBC in the US
- 1990 Chinese plane explodes, killing about 100 people
- 1990 Radio Berlin International’s final transmission links to Deutsche Welle of West Germany; the final song is “The End” by The Doors
- 1990 US Senate votes 90-9 to confirm David Souter’s appointment to Supreme Court
- 1990 WW2 Allied nations cede any remaining rights as occupiers of Germany
- 1991 NHL #1 draft pick Eric Lindros rejects Quebec Nordiques’ offer of a 10-year, $50 million contract
Steffi Graf Wins #500
1991 Steffi Graf beats Magdalena Maleeva of Bulgaria 6-2, 6-2 in the Volkswagen Cup in Leipzig to become the youngest woman to win 500 professional tennis matches
- 1991 Toronto Blue Jays clinch the AL East title with a 6-5 win against the California Angels, becoming the first sports franchise in history to draw 4 million fans in one season
- 1992 The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil
- 1992 VP Itamar Franco becomes President of Brazil
- 1994 Pakistan cricket batsmen Inzamam-ul-Haq and Mushtaq Ahmed put on 57 runs in 8 overs for the highest last-wicket partnership ever to win a Test as the home team beats Australia by 1 wicket in the first Test in Karachi
- 1994 Pakistan defeats Australia by one wicket in Karachi Test
- 1997 The Bruins beat the LA Kings 6-5 in Boston to extend their NHL opening game unbeaten streak to 11 consecutive years (9-0-2)
- 1998 With his team struggling at 28 for 3, Australian cricket batsman Steve Waugh smashes a brilliant 157 to guide the tourists to an innings and 99-run win over Pakistan in the first Test in Rawalpindi
- 1999 Atlanta Thrashers play their first regular-season game in franchise history, a 4-1 loss to the visiting NJ Devils before a crowd of 18,545 at Philips Arena; Kelly Buchberger scores the first goal in Thrashers history
- 1999 Boston’s Ray Bourque becomes the highest goal-scoring defenseman in NHL history with his 386th career goal in the Bruins’ 3-1 win against the Carolina Hurricanes, moving him one ahead of Paul Coffey
- 1999 The #21 University of Alabama football team beats #3 Florida 40-39 in overtime to snap the Gators’ 30-game home win streak; future Seattle Seahawks running back Shaun Alexander scores 4 touchdowns for the Crimson Tide
Scrubs
2001 American sitcom “Scrubs,” starring Zach Braff as Dr. “J.D.” Dorian, premieres on NBC
- 2001 Cubs right fielder Sammy Sosa becomes the first player in MLB history to total 60 home runs in three seasons as the Chicago slugger connects off Reds starter Lance Davis to reach the milestone in a 5-4 loss
2001 NATO states it will support U.S. military strikes against Afghanistan in retaliation for the 9/11 terrorist attacks
- 2002 The Beltway sniper attacks begin, extending over three weeks
- 2004 American Samoa joins the North American Numbering Plan
- 2004 Jeff Kent becomes the all-time home run leader for MLB second basemen when he hits two in the Astros’ 9-3 win against the Rockies, reaching 302 overall home runs to break Ryne Sandberg‘s major league record set in 1997
- 2004 Montreal Expos earn the last win in the franchise’s MLB history, beating the New York Mets 6-3 at Shea Stadium; Brad Wilkerson hits the Expos’ final home run in the 9th inning, his 32nd of the year
- 2005 NFL plays its first regular season game outside the United States when the Arizona Cardinals defeat the San Francisco 49ers 31-14 in Mexico City, Mexico
- 2005 The Ethan Allen tour boat capsizes on Lake George in upstate New York, killing 20 people
- 2006 Charles Carl Roberts kills five schoolgirls in a shooting incident at an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pennsylvania, then commits suicide
Inter-Korean Summit
2007 President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea walks across the Military Demarcation Line into North Korea on his way to the second Inter-Korean Summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il
- 2009 It is reported that the economic crisis in Ireland is considered to be the driving force behind the largest migration of Irish people to London in 20 years
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