- 432 St Sixtus III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 768 Antipope Philip begins and ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 781 The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781)
- 1291 Egyptian Mamluks occupy Acre and drive the last Crusaders out of Palestine
Columbus Discovers Trinidad
1498 Christopher Columbus is the first European to discover the island of Trinidad on his third voyage
- 1620 Pilgrim Fathers depart Leiden, Netherlands, for England on their way to America
- 1646 Royalist supporters besieged at Goodrich Castle surrender to Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil War after the castle is partially destroyed by “Roaring Meg,” an enormous mortar [1]
- 1653 Fronde leaders surrender in Bordeaux
- 1655 Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): the Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years
- 1667 Peace of Breda: Second Anglo-Dutch War ends with Suriname exchanged for New Netherland (New York, New Jersey, and parts of Connecticut and Delaware)
Daniel Defoe Put in the Pillory
1703 Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet but is pelted with flowers
Kilmarnock Edition
1786 “Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish dialect” by Robert Burns, also known as the Kilmarnock Edition, is published by John Wilson in Kilmarnock, Scotland
- 1790 First US patent is granted to Samuel Hopkins for a potash process
- 1792 Cornerstone is laid for the first US government building, the US Mint in Philadelphia
- 1794 All Jacobin clubs gather in Haarlem
- 1809 First practical US railroad track, made of wood and designed for horse-drawn cars, is laid in Philadelphia
- 1813 British invade Plattsburgh, New York
- 1849 American engraver Benjamin Chambers patents breech-loading cannon
- 1852 Hottest July in the Netherlands since at least 1783 with an average temperature of 68.4°F (20.2°C)
First Surgery Under Kerosene Lamp
1853 First nighttime surgery performed at Lychakiv Hospital in Lemberg (now Lviv, Ukraine) using new kerosene oil lamps invented by Ignacy Łukasiewicz [1]
- 1865 The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia
- 1874 Patrick Francis Healy, SJ, is inaugurated as President of Georgetown University
- 1876 US Coast Guard officers’ training school is established in New Bedford, Massachusetts
- 1877 Russo-Turkish War: The second Russian assault on Plevna, Ottoman Empire (now Pleven, Bulgaria) fails; 7,300 Russian and over 2,000 Turkish casualties
- 1879 The first cable connection between South Africa and Europe is laid by the British electrical engineer Charles Tilston Bright as part of his project to link the British Empire with growing telecommunications technologies
- 1893 Gaelic League is founded by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill in order to encourage Irish people to speak the language and take a greater interest in their culture
- 1899 Albert Trott hits a ball from Monty Noble over the pavilion at Lord’s Cricket Ground
- 1900 Boer Generals Prinsloo and Roux surrender in Brandwater Basin
Wilhelm II’s War Threat
1914 German Emperor Wilhelm II threatens war and orders Russia to demobilize
- 1914 Oil is discovered in Lake Maracaibo, northwestern Venezuela, the largest lake in South America
1917 World War I: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Battle of Ypres) begins and lasts until November 6, 1917, causing approximately 500,000 casualties
- 1919 The Weimar Constitution establishing the German Republic is adopted
- 1922 Eighteen-year-old Ralph Samuelson rides the world’s first water skis in Minnesota
- 1922 General strike in Italy against fascist violence
- 1923 Belgian Chamber discusses bilinguality at Ghent University
- 1925 Last allied occupying troops leave German Ruhr region
- 1925 Unemployment Insurance Act passed in Britain
- 1928 Halina Konopacka of Poland hurls a discus world record of 39.62 m to win the first gold medal in women’s Olympic athletics at the Amsterdam Games
- 1928 In the first women’s Olympic track event, American sprinter Elizabeth Robinson equals her own world record of 12.2 s to win the 100 m gold medal in Amsterdam; Canadians Fanny Rosenfeld and Ethel Smith tie in 12.3 s
Baseball History
1930 NY Yankees first baseman Lou Gehrig drives in 8 runs with a grand slam and 2 doubles in a 14-13 win over the rival Boston Red Sox
- 1932 Cleveland Indians christen their new home, Municipal Stadium, before more than 76,000 fans; lose opener 1-0 to the Philadelphia A’s
- 1932 German election (NSDAP gets 37.3%)
- 1935 Third Dutch government of Prime Minister Hendrikus Colijn is sworn in
- 1936 IOC awards Tokyo, Japan, the 1940 Summer Olympic Games, which are later canceled due to the Second Sino-Japanese War
- 1938 Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius I in Persepolis
Jake Powell Suspended
1938 MLB Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis suspends New York Yankees outfielder Jake Powell after he says on Chicago radio he keeps in shape by “cracking” African Americans over the head with his nightstick
- 1940 Nazi Reichskommissar of the Netherlands Arthur Seyss-Inquart bans homosexuals
- 1941 U-boats sink and damage 21 allied ships this month (80,521 tons)
- 1942 German SS gas 1,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia
- 1942 Transport #13 departs Pithiviers, France, with 1049 French Jews sent to Auschwitz Concentration camp; 16 survive until the war’s end
- 1943 Transport #58 with French Jews departs for Nazi Germany
- 1944 Transport #77 with French Jews departs for Nazi Germany
- 1944 US troops occupy Sansapor, New Guinea
Surrender of Pierre Laval
1945 Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria
- 1948 American sprinter Harrison Dillard runs an Olympic record of 10.3 s to defeat countryman Barney Ewell for the 100 m gold medal at the London Olympics
- 1948 American swimmer Wally Ris wins the coveted 100 m freestyle gold medal at the London Olympics, defeating teammate Alan Ford by 0.4 seconds
- 1948 US President Harry Truman dedicates Idlewild Field (now Kennedy Airport), NYC
- 1951 Japan Airlines is established
- 1954 First ascent of K2 by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio
- 1954 Milwaukee first baseman Joe Adcock becomes only the third player in the 20th century to hit four home runs in a nine-inning game, joining Lou Gehrig and Gil Hodges, in a 15-7 Braves’ win over the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field; MLB record 18 total bases
- 1955 KRNT (now KCCI) TV channel 8 in Des Moines, Iowa (CBS) broadcasts for the first time
- 1955 WHIS (now WVVA) TV channel 6 in Bluefield, West Virginia (NBC) broadcasts for the first time
- 1958 Anti-Chinese uprising in Tibet
Living’ Doll
1959 Cliff Richard and the Shadows have their first British #1 single with “Living Doll,” the best-selling British single of 1959
Muhammad Calls for a Black State
1960 Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam, calls for a Black state
- 1960 KSOO (now KSFY) TV channel 13 in Sioux Falls, SD (NBC) broadcasts for the first time
- 1961 Israel welcomes its one millionth immigrant
- 1962 England fast bowler Brian Statham becomes Test cricket’s leading wicket-taker with a world-record tally of 237 as Australian wicketkeeper Barry Shepherd is caught by Fred Trueman for 10 in the drawn fourth Test in Adelaide
- 1963 Arturo Illia elected President of Argentina
- 1963 MLB Cleveland Indians tie record of 4 consecutive home runs to beat California Angels 9-5; Woodie Held, Pedro Ramos, Tito Francona, and Larry Brown all go deep off Paul Foytack in the sixth inning
- 1964 American glider pilot Al Parker glides 644 miles without a motor
- 1964 Ranger 7 takes 4,316 pictures before crashing on the Moon
- 1965 Cigarette advertising is banned on British TV
Ban the Beatles
1966 Two Alabama radio hosts, Tommy Charles and Doug Layton of WAQY in Birmingham, ask listeners to send in Beatles albums and merchandise to burn in response to John Lennon‘s remark that “Christianity will go” [1]
Rolling Stones Leave Jail
1967 Rolling Stones’ singer Mick Jagger and guitarist Keith Richards are released from jail in England after serving 1 month on drug charges
- 1968 The Beatles close Apple Boutique in London, giving away clothes for free
Music Concert
1969 Elvis Presley returns to the concert stage for the first time in over 8 years, starting a 4-week, 57-show run at the newly opened International Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada [1]
- 1969 KWIH TV channel 44 in Winona, Minnesota (IND) begins broadcasting
- 1969 Mariner 6 makes its closest approach to planet Mars at 3,410 km
- 1969 National Guard mobilizes in racial disturbances in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- 1970 37th NFL Chicago All-Star Game: Kansas City 24, All-Stars 3 (69,940 attendees)
1970 Black Tot Day: the last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy, which started in 1740
- 1970 Chet Huntley retires from NBC, ending “The Huntley–Brinkley Report”
- 1970 Daniel O’Hagan (19), a Catholic civilian, is shot dead by the British Army during a serious riot in the New Lodge Road area of Belfast, Northern Ireland
- 1971 Apollo 15 astronauts take a 6½-hour electric car ride on the Moon
- 1971 Four-time first division soccer champions Go Ahead from the Dutch city of Deventer add “Eagles” to their famous name
- 1971 Venezuela’s Hydrocarbons Reversion Law mandates the gradual transfer to government ownership of all “unexploited concession areas” by 1974 and “all their residual assets” by 1983
- 1972 Claudy bombing: Nine civilians are killed when three car bombs explode in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland; no group has since claimed responsibility
- 1972 MLB Chicago White Sox slugger Dick Allen becomes only the seventh player in MLB history to hit two inside-the-park home runs in a game, both off Bert Blyleven, in an 8-1 White Sox win over the Minnesota Twins
- 1972 Operation Motorman: the British Army use 12,000 soldiers supported by tanks and bulldozers to retake the “no-go areas” controlled by the Provisional Irish Republican Army
Event of Interest
1972 Senator Thomas Eagleton withdraws as the Democratic vice-presidential candidate at George McGovern‘s request after news that Eagleton sought treatment for depression becomes public
- 1973 Delta Airlines DC-9 crashes in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, killing all but one of 89 aboard; lone survivor dies 5 months later
- 1973 England cricket batsman Frank Hayes scores an unbeaten 106 in his Test debut in the first Test against the West Indies at The Oval, London; the tourists win by 158 runs
- 1973 Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards‘ country house, “Redlands,” in West Wittering, Sussex, England, is seriously damaged in a fire for the second time in nine years, variously attributed to mice or careless smoking while intoxicated
- 1975 The Miami Showband killings: Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), a loyalist paramilitary group, shoots dead three members of an Irish showband at Buskhill, County Down, Northern Ireland
- 1976 East German runner Waldemar Cierpinski beats American Frank Shorter by 50 seconds to win the Olympic Games marathon in 2:09:55 in Montréal
- 1977 E. Henry Knoche ends his term as deputy director of the CIA
- 1977 John F. Blake is promoted from acting to deputy director of the CIA
Pete Rose’s Hitting Streak
1978 Cincinnati Reds infielder Pete Rose singles off Phil Niekro to extend his hitting streak to 44 games as the Reds edge the Atlanta Braves 3-2, tying Willie Keeler’s 81-year-old NL record
- 1978 Gunman shoots his way into the Iraqi Embassy in Paris
- 1980 Crew of Soyuz 37 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 36
- 1980 Hurricane Allen forms in the Atlantic Ocean and becomes the strongest hurricane recorded in the Atlantic Basin with winds of 190 mph (305 km/h)
- 1980 John Phillips of The Mamas and the Papas is arrested on drug charges
- 1980 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1981 Arnette Hubbard is installed as the first woman president of the National Bar Association
- 1981 Mid-season strike by MLB players ends after 42 days, causing the cancellation of 713 games; players and owners come to an agreement on free agent compensation
- 1981 Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister Mieczyslaw Jagielski is fired
- 1982 Finland, Italy, Germany, Austria, and France form the American European Football Federation (AEFF)
- 1982 Two buses and several cars collide near Beaune, France, killing 44 children and 7 adults
- 1982 USSR performs a nuclear test
- 1983 Dutch July average temperature is 20.1°C (68.18°F), making it the warmest July since 1854
- 1984 Leeza Gibbons’ first appearance on “Entertainment Tonight”
- 1984 US men’s gymnastics team scores an emotional upset win over the world champion Chinese team in the combined event to take the gold medal at the Los Angeles Olympics
- 1984 Venezuelan commandos storm a hijacked DC-9 aircraft in Curaçao, retake the plane, kill both hijackers, and rescue all 79 passengers and crew
Under the Banyan Tree
1985 Indian writer R.K. Narayan publishes his short story collection “Under the Banyan Tree and Other Stories”
- 1987 A rare F4 tornado rips through Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people and causing $330 million in damage
Baseball Record
1987 Baltimore first baseman Eddie Murray hits his 299th and 300th career home runs to lead the Orioles to an 8-4 win over the Texas Rangers
- 1987 Battle between Iranian pilgrims and Saudi-Arabian troops kills 402
- 1987 Rockwell International is awarded a contract to build a fifth space shuttle, STS-5
- 1988 A bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal in Butterworth, Malaysia, collapses, killing 32 people and injuring 1,674
Last Playboy Club Closes
1988 Last Playboy club in the US closes in Lansing, Michigan
- 1988 Miami Dolphins beat San Francisco 49ers 27-21 in the American Bowl at London’s Wembley Stadium
Baseball Hall of Fame
1988 Pittsburgh Pirates first baseman/left fielder and seven-time All-Star Willie Stargell becomes the 200th man to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame
- 1989 MLB Minnesota Twins trade AL Cy Young Award winner Frank Viola to the New York Mets
Baseball History
1990 Texas Rangers pitcher Nolan Ryan records his 300th career victory with an 11-3 win over the Milwaukee Brewers, becoming the 20th MLB pitcher to reach the milestone
- 1991 Russia and the US sign a long-range nuclear weapons reduction pact
- 1991 Soviet OMON attacks a Lithuanian customs post in Medininkai, killing seven officers and severely wounding another
- 1991 US Senate votes to allow women to fly combat aircraft
- 1992 Hungarian swimmer Krisztina Egerszegi earns her third gold medal of the Barcelona Olympics, winning the 200 m backstroke for the 100-200 double along with the 400 m I/M gold
- 1992 Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, killing all 113 passengers and crew members on board the Airbus A310
- 1992 Three world record swims on the final night session at the Barcelona Olympics: Australian Kieren Perkins in the 1,500 m freestyle (14:43.4), Tamás Darnyi of Hungary in the 200 m backstroke (1:59.36), and Yang Wenyi of China in the women’s 50 m freestyle (24.79)
- 1993 Inkatha armed forces kill 49 ANC supporters in Johannesburg, South Africa
- 1993 Prince Ronald Mutebi is crowned King of Buganda
- 1993 The Allman Brothers Band guitarist Dickey Betts is arrested for shoving two cops
Baseball Trade
1993 Toronto Blue Jays acquire future Baseball Hall of Fame outfielder Rickey Henderson from Oakland in exchange for minor leaguers Steve Karsay and José Herrera
- 1994 102.7°F (39.3°C) is recorded in Pleschen, East Germany
- 1994 Netherlands’ warmest July since 1783: an average of 21.4°C (70.52°F)
1994 New York Yankees shortstop Phil Rizzuto and Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Steve Carlton are inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York
- 1994 Stockholm averages 21.5°C (70.7°F), the warmest July since 1855
- 1994 Ukrainian Sergey Bubka pole vaults 6.14 meters, setting his 35th world record
- 1994 UN votes 12-0 (with two abstentions) to authorize the use of force in Haiti
- 1995 Walt Disney announces the acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion; the network of properties now consists of Disney, ABC, ABC Sports, ESPN, and ESPN2
- 1997 College football’s all-time winningest coach, Eddie Robinson, and his Grambling State University program are placed on two years’ probation for rules violations, including recruiting and academic eligibility
Baseball Trade
1997 First baseman Mark McGwire becomes MLB’s top home run hitter to be traded in the middle of a season when he moves from Oakland to the St. Louis Cardinals with 34 home runs and 81 RBIs
Music Concert
2004 Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel close their second reunion tour with a free concert in front of the Colosseum in Rome; an estimated 600,000 fans attend, making it their largest crowd
Castro Hands Power to Brother
2006 Fidel Castro temporarily hands over power to brother Raúl Castro, leading to a celebration in Little Havana (La Pequeña Habana), Miami, Florida, where many Cuban Americans participated.
- 2007 Boston Celtics obtain former MVP and 10-time All-Star Kevin Garnett in a 7-for-1 deal with the Minnesota Timberwolves, the NBA’s biggest trade for one player
- 2007 Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, comes to an end as the longest-running British Army operation ever
- 2012 A second power grid failure in India in two days leaves 670 million people without power
Bruce Springsteen’s Longest Show
2012 Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band perform their longest show at Olympiastadion in Helsinki, Finland, lasting 4 hours and 6 minutes
Equestrian Final
2012 Germany wins the London Olympic equestrian eventing final; Zara Phillips, daughter of Princess Anne, is part of the GB silver medal-winning team
Phelps Medal Record
2012 Michael Phelps becomes the greatest medal winner in Olympic history as part of the winning American 4 x 200 m freestyle relay team in London, earning his 19th career Olympic medal and 15th overall gold
- 2012 Two car bombs kill 21 people in Baghdad, Iraq
- 2014 “Between Riverside and Crazy,” a play by Stephen Adly Guirgis, premieres Off-Broadway at the Linda Gross Theater in New York and wins the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 2015 [1]
- 2014 Israel and Hamas agree to a 72-hour humanitarian cease fire
- 2014 The US agrees to resupply arms to Israel, including rocket launchers, mortar rounds, and grenades, despite condemnation of civilian casualties in Gaza
Balenciaga Loses Wang
2015 It is announced that creative director Alexander Wang will leave Balenciaga
- 2016 Yuriko Koike is the first woman to be elected Tokyo Governor
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
2016 “Harry Potter and the Cursed Child,” a play by Jack Thorne with contributions by J. K. Rowling, premieres at the Palace Theatre in London
- 2017 Anthony Scaramucci is removed as White House Communications Director after less than 2 weeks
- 2017 England cricket spin bowler Moeen Ali takes a hat-trick in a 239-run third Test win over South Africa in the 100th Test match played at The Oval, London
- 2018 Aeroméxico flight 2431 crash-lands in Durango, Mexico; all 103 on board survive
- 2018 Facebook discloses and removes a Russian-linked network of sites attempting to interfere in American politics
Hamza bin Laden Killed
2019 American officials announce that Osama Bin Laden‘s son, Hamza bin Laden, a potential successor, has been killed in US airstrikes in Pakistan
- 2019 Kelly Craft confirmed by US Senate as US ambassador to the UN [1]
Siberian Wildfires
2019 Russian President Vladimir Putin orders the Russian army to help put out huge wildfires in Siberia covering 3 million hectares (7.4 million acres) after 700,000 people sign a petition
- 2019 US Federal Reserve cuts interest rates by 0.25%, the first cut since 2008
- 2020 Apple wildfire starts near Beaumont, California, forcing the evacuation of nearly 8,000 people over the next few days
- 2020 Eurozone economic activity falls 11.9% for April-June, with Spain the worst at -18.5%, its deepest in modern times
- 2020 Mexico overtakes the UK to have the world’s third highest death toll from COVID-19 with 46,688 fatalities
- 2021 American swimmer Caeleb Dressel wins the 100 m butterfly in a world record time of 49.45 seconds at the Tokyo Olympics and completes the 100 m freestyle/butterfly double
Ledecky’s Third 800m Gold
2021 American swimming superstar Katie Ledecky wins the women’s 800 m gold for an unprecedented third consecutive Olympics in Tokyo and claims the distance 800/1500 m double
- 2021 Australian swimmer Kaylee McKeown wins gold in the 200 m backstroke to complete the 100/200 m double at the Tokyo Olympic Games
1st Mixed-Gender Olympic Swim Event
2021 First mixed-gender event to feature in Olympic swim program; Great Britain team of Kathleen Dawson, Adam Peaty, James Guy, and Anna Hopkin wins mixed 4 × 100 m medley relay in a world record 3:37.58 in Tokyo
- 2022 McKinney Fire at Klamath National Forest becomes California’s largest fire of the year at 51,000 acres, fueled by high temperatures and strong winds, forcing evacuations [1]
- 2022 Women’s Euro 2022: England defeats Germany 2-1 in extra time in front of the biggest-ever Euro crowd of 87,192 at Wembley, London [1]
- 2023 City of Phoenix, Arizona, experiences a high temperature of 108°F (42.2°C), ending a heat record of 31 consecutive days of temperatures at or above 110°F (43.3°C) [1]
- 2023 Location of first English slave fort in Africa is found: Fort Kormantine built in 1631 at Fort Amsterdam, Ghana [1]
- 2024 5,000-year-old large-scale farming settlement is discovered at Oued Beht in Morocco, confirming North Africa’s significance during the Neolithic [1]
- 2024 Australian slalom canoeist Jessica Fox successfully defends her C-1 slalom gold medal with a time of 101.06 seconds and completes the K-1/C-1 double at the Paris Olympic Games
- 2024 China’s Pan Zhanle sets one of only two new world records at the Paris Olympic swim meet with 46.40 seconds in the 100 m freestyle final ahead of Australia’s Kyle Chalmers and David Popovici of Romania
- 2024 Former senior BBC presenter Huw Edwards pleads guilty to making indecent images of children [1]
- 2024 French swim sensation Léon Marchand wins two gold medals on the same day, claiming the 200 m breaststroke and 200 m butterfly at the Paris Olympics
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