- 1198 Philips of Zwabia, Prince of Hohenstaufen, crowned King of Germany and King of the Romans
Battle of Tehuacingo
1519 Second Battle of Tehuacingo, Mexico: Hernán Cortés‘ Spanish conquistadors fight the Tlaxcalans
- 1550 William Cecil appoints himself English Secretary of State
Siege of Paris
1590 Duke of Parma Alexander Farnese’s army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris
Cornelis de Houtman Taken Hostage
1596 Dutch fleet commander Cornelis de Houtman is taken hostage in Java and is later ransomed
Cardinal Richelieu
1622 Bishop Richelieu appointed Cardinal under French King Louis XIII
Conquest of Sas of Gen
1644 Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange conquers Sas van Gent and absorbs it into the Dutch Republic
Arrest of Nicolas Fouquet
1661 Nicolas Fouquet, French Superintendent of Finances under Louis XIV, is arrested for maladministration of state funds; he dies in 1680, never seeing freedom again
1666 Firebreaks finally bring the Great Fire of London under control, leaving 13,200 houses destroyed and eight dead
- 1750 Decree issued in Paderborn, Prussia, allows for the annual search of all Jewish homes for stolen or “doubtful” goods
- 1774 The first Continental Congress, a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies that later become the United States, convenes at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia
- 1774 Twelve of the thirteen American colonies adopt a trade embargo against Great Britain at the First Continental Congress in Carpenters’ Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- 1774 With the meeting of the Continental Congress, Philadelphia becomes the first capital of the United States
1781 American Revolutionary War: A French fleet of 24 ships under Comte de Grasse defeats British forces under Admiral Thomas Graves and Samuel Hood at the Battle of the Chesapeake (Battle of the Virginia Capes) and traps General Lord Charles Cornwallis
- 1795 USA and Algiers sign peace treaty
- 1796 General Salicetti orders equal rights for the Jews of Bologna, Italy
- 1798 New annual military conscription law goes into effect in France
- 1800 Malta surrenders to the British after they blockade French troops
- 1814 Battle of Masurian Lakes: Germans chase Russians out of East Prussia (ends September 15, 1814)
Chambre Introuvable Dissolved
1816 French King Louis XVIII dissolves the unpopular parliament, Chambre introuvable (Unobtainable Chamber)
Houston Elected President
1836 Sam Houston elected President of the Republic of Texas
Lee Crosses the Potomac
1862 Confederate General Robert E. Lee crosses the Potomac and enters Maryland
- 1863 Bread revolt in Mobile, Alabama
- 1864 Achille François Bazaine becomes Marshal of France
- 1864 British, French, and Dutch fleets attack Japan in the Shimonoseki Straits
- 1871 German archaeologist Carl Mauch is the first European to explore the ruins of the medieval Shona city of Great Zimbabwe, the largest archaeological site in Sub-Saharan Africa [1]
- 1877 Southern Blacks, led by Pap Singleton, settle in Kansas
- 1879 American Arctic explorer George Washington De Long on board the Jeannette becomes trapped with his crew in pack ice during an attempt to reach the North Pole
- 1882 10,000 workers march in the first Labor Day parade in New York City
- 1885 First gasoline pump is delivered to a gasoline dealer in Fort Wayne, Indiana
- 1887 Gas lamp at Theatre Royal in Exeter catches fire, killing about 200 people
- 1889 German Christine Hardt patents the first modern brassiere
- 1895 George Washington Murray from South Carolina is elected to Congress
- 1900 France proclaims a protectorate over Chad
- 1901 National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, better known as Minor League Baseball, is formed at the Leland Hotel in Chicago
- 1905 Fifty prominent men meet in Sydney’s Australia Hotel to found the National Defence League, fueled by fear of Japan after its victory over Russia
- 1905 Lillian Mortimer’s play “No Mother to Guide Her” premieres in Detroit
Treaty of Portsmouth
1905 Treaty of Portsmouth is signed concluding the Russo-Japanese War; US President Theodore Roosevelt receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his role as mediator
- 1906 Saint Louis University quarterback Bradbury Robinson throws the first legal forward pass in the history of American football for a touchdown to Jack Schneider at Carroll College in Waukesha, Wisconsin; Saint Louis wins 22-0
Edward VII Meets Izvolski
1907 King Edward VII of Great Britain meets Russia’s Foreign Minister Alexander Izvolsky in an attempt to strengthen Russia’s relationship with Britain
- 1908 Brooklyn Superbas pitcher Nap Rucker no-hits the Boston Braves 6-0 at Washington Park, Brooklyn
- 1910 Philadelphia Athletics player Jack Coombs begins a record streak of 53 consecutive shutout innings
- 1913 Phillies and Braves tie the record of only one run in a doubleheader; Phillies win the first game 1-0, then a scoreless tie into the 10th
- 1914 French headquarters move to Châtillon-sur-Seine
- 1914 Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Russia sign the Pact of London
- 1914 Proclamation prohibits Canadian mint from issuing gold coins
Transatlantic Communications
1914 US President Woodrow Wilson orders the US Navy to make its wireless stations accessible for any transatlantic communications, even to German diplomats sending coded messages, leading to the interception of the Zimmermann telegram and helping bring the US into the war
- 1915 Anti-war conference in Zimmerwald, Switzerland
Nicholas II Takes Command
1915 Tsar Nicholas II, distressed by increasing Russian losses, assumes personal command of his nation’s military forces, a symbolic act devastating for his leadership
Intolerance
1916 “Intolerance,” a silent film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Vera Lewis and Ralph Lewis, is released
- 1918 Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars “On Red Terror” is published in Russia
- 1932 French Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, French Sudan, and Niger
Jet Stream Discovered
1934 American pilot Wiley Post discovers the jet stream while flying at high altitude near Chicago, Illinois
- 1937 Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls
J. B. M. Hertzog Resigns
1939 J. B. M. Hertzog resigns as South African Prime Minister after losing a vote in Parliament on neutrality in World War II
Where She Goes, We Go
1939 New Zealand Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage declares New Zealand’s support for Britain in the war with Germany; Savage famously told the nation ‘where she goes, we go. Where she stands, we stand’
- 1942 American sailor Charles J. French (22) swims for over six hours in waters near Guadalcanal while towing a life raft with fifteen survivors from his US Navy ship, which is sunk by Japanese gunfire [1]
- 1942 Battle of Alam Halfa ends
- 1942 British and US bomb Le Havre and Bremen
- 1943 The US airlands at Nadzab, New Guinea
- 1944 “Mad Tuesday” sees 65,000 Dutch Nazi collaborators flee to Germany
- 1944 Allies liberate Brussels, Belgium
- 1944 Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands sign a customs union treaty
- 1944 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill travels to Scotland
- 1944 Dutch Armed Forces forms under Prince Bernhard
- 1944 Five resistance fighters executed in Terneuzen, Netherlands
Intimations of Immortality
1950 First performance of Gerald Finzi’s setting of William Wordsworth‘s “Intimations of Immortality” at the Three Choirs Festival in Gloucester Cathedral, England; Eric Greene as solo tenor with Herbert Sumsion conducting the orchestra and choir
- 1952 General Carlos Ibáñez is elected president of Chile
- 1953 First privately operated atomic reactor becomes operational in Raleigh, North Carolina
- 1953 US gives Persian Premier Fazlollah Zahedi $45 million in aid
- 1954 Dutch Super Constellation crashes at Shannon, killing 28
- 1955 Dodger Don Newcombe hits a National League pitcher record seventh home run of the season
- 1955 Dutch magician Fred Kaps wins his second FISM World Championship
- 1955 WKRG TV channel 5 in Mobile, AL (CBS) begins broadcasting
- 1955 WTTW TV channel 11 in Chicago, IL (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1956 20 die in a train crash in Springer, New Mexico
On the Road
1957 “On the Road” by Jack Kerouac is published by Viking Press in New York
Djilas’ Book Banned
1957 Yugoslavia bans dissident Milovan Djilas‘ book “The New Class: An Analysis of the Communist System”
The Huckleberry Hound Show
1958 “The Huckleberry Hound Show” by Hanna-Barbera featuring Yogi Bear premieres on US TV
- 1958 First color video recording on magnetic tape is presented in Charlotte, North Carolina
- 1958 WKPC TV channel 15 in Louisville, Kentucky (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1959 Washington Senators player Jim Lemon becomes the seventh player to achieve six RBIs in an inning (third)
A. J. Foyt’s 1st Win
1960 A. J. Foyt wins the first of 67 Indy car victories at Du Quoin State Fairgrounds in Illinois
Cassius Clay Wins Gold
1960 Cassius Clay [Muhammad Ali] defeats three-time European champion Zbigniew Pietrzykowski of Poland by unanimous points decision to win the Olympic light heavyweight boxing gold medal at the Rome Games
Benvenuti Wins Boxing Gold
1960 Future world middleweight boxing champion Nino Benvenuti of Italy defeats Yuri Radonyak of the Soviet Union to win the welterweight gold medal at the Rome Olympics
Underground Nuclear Testing
1961 America begins underground nuclear testing
- 1961 US President John F. Kennedy signs a law against hijacking, instituting the death penalty
- 1961 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1962 Cubs’ Ken Hubbs sets second base record for consecutive errorless games at 78 and consecutive errorless chances at 418; he errors in the fourth
1st Muscular Dystrophy Telethon
1966 Jerry Lewis‘s first Muscular Dystrophy Labor Day telethon raises $1 million
- 1966 WRLK TV channel 35 in Columbia, SC (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1967 Hurricane Beulah kills 54 in the Caribbean, Mexico, and Texas
- 1967 KMEG TV channel 14 in Sioux City, IA (CBS) begins broadcasting
- 1967 WEBA TV channel 14 in Allendale, SC (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1968 The USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
- 1969 Frente Obrero wins Dutch Antilles’ national elections
- 1970 Estimated 15 cm (6 inches) of rainfall in Bug Point, Utah (state record)
- 1971 Astros pitcher J.R. Richard debuts, striking out 15 Giants in a 5-3 win
- 1971 New York Mets’ Don Hahn hits his first inside-the-park home run at Phillies Vet
- 1972 Chemical spill with fog sickens hundreds in Meuse Valley, Belgium
- 1972 Eleven Israeli athletes are taken hostage and later killed by the Palestinian group Black September group at the Munich Olympics
- 1973 Conference of less developed countries approves forming “producers’ associations” and calls for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from occupied Arab lands
- 1973 West Indies lose by one wicket to England in the first one-day cricket international
Ford Survives Assassination Attempt
1975 First assassination attempt on US President Gerald Ford by Lynette “Squeaky” Fromme in Sacramento, California
- 1975 Portugal Prime Minister Vasco Gonçalves is dismissed
- 1975 Wings release their single “Letting Go”
The Muppet Show
1976 Jim Henson‘s “The Muppet Show” premieres on television with Mia Farrow as the guest star
- 1977 Cleveland Indians stage first “I Hate the Yankee Hanky Night,” inspired by local radio personality Pete Franklin; home team sweeps a doubleheader over New York at Cleveland Municipal Stadium
- 1977 Jerry Lewis‘s 12th Muscular Dystrophy telethon is held
- 1977 NASA launches Voyager 1 on a mission to initially fly by Jupiter and Saturn, later including Uranus and Neptune, and in 2012, it becomes the first human-made object to leave the solar system
- 1977 Red Army Faction kidnaps and subsequently murders West German business executive Hanns Martin Schleyer
- 1979 Canada puts its first gold bullion coin on sale
Funeral for Mountbatten
1979 Earl of Mountbatten‘s ceremonial funeral is held in Westminster Abbey, London
- 1979 Iranian army occupies Piranshahr
- 1979 Oakland A’s pitcher Matt Keough beats the Milwaukee Brewers 6-1 for his first win after 14 straight losses, ending 1978 with 18 defeats, one shy of the MLB record of 19
- 1980 Edward Gierek resigns under pressure from his position as Poland’s Communist Party leader
Satyagraha
1980 Philip Glass and Constance DeJong’s opera “Satyagraha,” loosely based on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, premieres at the Schouwburg in Rotterdam, Netherlands
- 1980 World’s longest road tunnel, St. Gotthard in the Swiss Alps, opens
- 1982 Eddie Hill sets a propeller-driven boat water speed record of 229 mph (368.54 km/h)
- 1982 US Men’s Amateur Golf Championship, The Country Club: Jay Sigel wins 8 and 7 over David Tolley
- 1983 Eighth NASA Space Shuttle Mission: Challenger 3 lands at Edwards AFB
- 1983 Elmer Trettr sets the record for the highest terminal velocity at 201.34 mph (324.03 km/h)
- 1983 Jerry Lewis‘s 18th Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $30,691,627
- 1984 NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery completes its first spaceflight, STS-41-D, with a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California
- 1986 Hijacking of aircraft Pan Am 73 at Karachi airport, Pakistan; 20 passengers are killed
- 1986 NASA awards study contracts to five aerospace firms
- 1986 NASA launches DoD-1, a classified Department of Defense satellite
- 1987 Carlton Fisk hits his 300th career home run off Danny Jackson
- 1988 Jerry Lewis‘s 23rd Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $41,132,113
The Joan Rivers Show
1989 Daytime talk show “The Joan Rivers Show,” hosted by Joan Rivers, premieres on US TV
- 1989 Deborah Norville becomes the news anchor of the Today Show
Hussein Calls for Uprising
1990 Iraqi President Saddam Hussein urges Arabs to rise against the West
Mandela Heads ANC
1991 Nelson Mandela is chosen as president of the African National Congress
- 1992 Dan O’Brien sets a world record in the decathlon with 8891 points
- 1993 F. Murray Abraham is released from hospital after a car accident
- 1993 Noureddine Morceli runs a world record mile in 3:44.39
- 1994 Jerry Lewis‘s 29th Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $47,100,000
- 1994 Jingyi Le swims a world record in the 100 m women’s freestyle in 54.01 seconds
NFL Record
1994 SF wide receiver Jerry Rice catches 2 touchdown passes and runs for another score in the 49ers’ 44-14 rout of the Raiders, surpassing Jim Brown as the NFL’s career TD leader with 127
Baseball Record
1995 Cal Ripken Jr. ties Gehrig’s record of playing in 2,130 consecutive games
- 1996 Following US cruise missile strikes on Iraq, crude oil prices rise as the market speculates about when Iraq will begin exporting oil under UN Resolution 986
- 1997 Athens in Greece is selected to host the 2004 Olympics
- 1997 Orioles beat Yankees 13-9 in the longest nine-inning game
- 2000 The Haverstraw-Ossining Ferry makes its maiden voyage
- 2005 Mandala Airlines Flight 91 crashes into a heavily populated residential area seconds after taking off from Medan in Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 100 people on board and 49 people on the ground
- 2007 Three terrorists suspected to be part of Al-Qaeda are arrested in Germany after allegedly planning attacks on both Frankfurt International Airport and US military installations
- 2008 Haiti’s government reports a death toll of at least 529 people as a result of flooding caused by Tropical Storm Hanna around the northern port city of Gonaïves
- 2009 Denmark celebrates the first national Flag Day in memory of the fallen Danes in international operations since 1948
- 2009 The Staffordshire Hoard, the largest Anglo-Saxon gold and silver metalwork hoard ever found with over 4,600 items, is discovered on farmland near Hammerwich, England [1]
- 2012 25 people are killed and 4 wounded after an ammunition store explodes in Afyon, Turkey
- 2012 54 people are killed and 50 injured after a firecracker factory explodes in Tamil Nadu
- 2012 Austerity measures require Greece to increase its maximum working days to six per week
- 2014 World Health Organization estimates 1,900 people have died from the Ebola virus out of 3,500 infected in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sierra Leone
- 2015 US health officials confirm a salmonella outbreak linked to cucumbers from Mexico is responsible for one death and for making hundreds sick
- 2017 Barry Callebaut announces a fourth type of chocolate, “Ruby,” made from the Ruby cocoa bean
- 2017 Brenda Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond, becomes the first woman President of the UK Supreme Court
2017 Hurricane Irma becomes one of the most powerful hurricanes ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin region with winds of 185 mph (280 km/h)
- 2017 Togo’s government shuts down the internet for a week to suppress government opposition
- 2018 Anonymous senior White House official opinion piece “I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration” published by The New York Times
Russian Nerve Agent Attack
2018 UK Prime Minister Theresa May confirms in Parliament that two Russian military intelligence officers undertake a Novichok nerve agent attack, prompting international condemnation
- 2019 Erramatti Mangamma becomes the world’s oldest living mother after giving birth to twins at age 74 in Hyderabad, India
- 2019 New theory suggests the Loch Ness Monster may be a giant eel after DNA study reveals no plesiosaur or sturgeon DNA found
- 2019 South African women march on Parliament to protest violence against women after a month when 30 were killed by their spouses
- 2020 More than 50 are arrested as Portland, Oregon, observes 100 days of protests against racism and police brutality
- 2021 Coup by soldiers in Guinea led by Colonel Doumbouya deposes President Alpha Condé and his government, citing rampant corruption
Electric Saint
2021 Stewart Copeland’s opera “Electric Saint” about the life of Nikola Tesla, with libretto by Jonathan Moore, premieres at the Deutsches Nationaltheater in Weimar, Germany
All-Starr Band Tour
2022 Ringo Starr resumes his All-Starr Band tour after two musicians recover from COVID-19
Truss Replaces Johnson
2022 UK’s ruling Conservative party appoints Liz Truss as their next leader and Prime Minister, replacing scandal-ridden Boris Johnson [1]
- 2023 American singer Joe Jonas (34) files for divorce from English actress Sophie Turner (27) in Miami, Florida, after 4 years of marriage [1]
- 2023 An extratropical cyclone in Brazil’s southern state of Rio Grande do Sul claims at least 31 lives as extensive flooding affects 60 cities [1]
- 2023 Birmingham City Council, the largest local authority in Europe, effectively declares itself bankrupt after stopping all nonessential spending [1]
- 2023 Former Proud Boys chairman Enrique Tarrio is sentenced to 22 years in prison, the longest so far, for seditious conspiracy in the January 6 attack on the US Capitol [1]
- 2024 China confirms it is ending its foreign adoption program following a suspension that began with the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020 [1]
- 2024 Kuini Ngawai Hono i te Po (27) is named the new Māori Monarch as her father, King Tuheitia, is buried at Tūrangawaewae Marae, New Zealand [1]
China-Africa Summit
2024 President Xi Jinping hosts a China-Africa summit with 50 African delegates focusing on developing green energy [1]
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