Kings of The Franks
768 Charlemagne and his brother Carloman I are both crowned King of the Franks
- 1238 James I of Aragon conquers Valencia and founds the Kingdom of Valencia
- 1410 Earliest mention of Prague’s astronomical clock, the world’s oldest still in operation, built by Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel
- 1446 Korean Hangul alphabet is first published by King Sejong the Great
- 1558 Mérida is founded in Venezuela
- 1573 General Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo and the Spanish disband the siege of Alkmaar
- 1595 The Spanish army captures Cambrai
- 1597 Eighty Years’ War: Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, with English support, captures Bredevoort, Netherlands, from the Spanish
- 1617 Peace of Pavia is signed in Pavia between Spain and the Duchy of Savoy
- 1621 Treaty of Khotyn is signed between the Ottoman Empire and Poland–Lithuania, recognizing Ottoman control over Moldavia and ending the Polish–Ottoman War
Roger Williams Banished
1635 Religious dissident Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony
1665 Due to the Great Plague of London, the British Parliament meets at the University of Oxford rather than the Palace of Westminster
- 1668 Mass society storms the palace of “heretics” Spanish governor José de Paternina
- 1701 Collegiate School of Connecticut (Yale University) is chartered in New Haven
- 1708 Great Northern War: In the Battle of Lesnaya (New Style), the Russian army captures a Swedish convoy
- 1716 Britain and France sign a treaty
- 1740 Dutch governor of the East Indies Adriaan Valckenier allows the massacre of around 10,000 Chinese inhabitants of Batavia
- 1760 Seven Years’ War: Russian and Austrian forces occupy Berlin [Old Style = September 28]
- 1771 Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks off the coast of Finland
Siege of Savannah
1779 Siege of Savannah (Georgia) during the American Revolutionary War: Continental Army General Casimir Pulaski is wounded by grapeshot (a type of cluster munition) and dies two days later
1781 Americans under George Washington and the French under Comte de Rochambeau begin bombardment of Yorktown, the last battle of American Revolutionary War
- 1794 French troops occupy ‘s-Hertogenbosch
- 1799 Sinking of British frigate HMS Lutine with the loss of 240 men and cargo worth £1,200,000 off the Dutch coast
- 1804 Hobart in Tasmania, Australia, founded
- 1806 Prussia declares war on France
- 1817 University of Ghent officially opens
- 1818 Congress of Aachen returns to France from Libya
- 1820 Guayaquil, Ecuador, declares its independence from Spain
- 1824 Slavery is abolished in Costa Rica
- 1831 Ioannis Kapodistrias, the first Head of State of modern Greece, is assassinated in Nafplion
- 1835 The Royal College, Colombo, is established with the name Hillstreet Academy in Sri Lanka
- 1837 Meeting at the US Naval Academy establishes the US Naval Institute
- 1837 Steamboat “Home” sinks off Ocracoke, North Carolina, killing 100
- 1845 Eminent and controversial Anglican priest John Henry Newman leaves the Anglican Church of England and is received into the Roman Catholic Church
- 1854 The siege of Sevastopol begins during the Crimean War
Singer Sewing Machine
1855 American inventor Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor
- 1855 Joshua Stoddard of Worcester, Massachusetts, patents the first calliope, a steam-powered musical instrument
- 1863 Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia (Culpeper Court House, Bristoe Station)
Battle of Tom’s Brook
1864 Battle of Tom’s Brook: Confederate cavalry harassing Sheridan’s campaign are defeated by General George A. Custer and Merritt’s cavalry divisions
- 1865 First US underground pipeline for carrying oil is laid in Pennsylvania
- 1870 Rome is incorporated into Italy by royal decree
- 1874 World Postal Union forms in Bern, Switzerland
- 1876 First two-way telephone conversation over outdoor wires
- 1877 American Humane Association organizes in Cleveland
- 1888 Washington Monument opens for public admission
- 1899 First British troops reach Durban, South Africa
- 1899 South African President Kruger rejects British authorities’ ultimatum
- 1900 8.3 magnitude earthquake shakes Cape Yakataga, Alaska
- 1903 11 inches (28.4 cm) of rainfall in 24 hours in New York City
- 1910 Nap Lajoie challenges Ty Cobb‘s batting average with eight hits, six of which are bunts, as Browns’ third baseman Red Corriden plays deep, but Cobb still wins
- 1914 German troops take Antwerp in World War I
- 1915 Belgrade, Serbia, surrenders to Central Powers
- 1915 Gil Anderson races an auto record of 165.1 km in Sheepshead Bay, New York
- 1915 Louis Kaufman’s comedy “Unchastened Woman” premieres in New York City
- 1919 Cincinnati Reds beat Chicago White Sox 10-5 at Comiskey Park for a 5-3 series victory; due to the ‘Black Sox Scandal’, it is the last World Series to take place without a Commissioner of Baseball in place
- 1924 Municipal Grant Park Stadium in Chicago, Illinois (later known as Soldier Field) is officially dedicated
Dutch Colonial Institute
1926 Dutch Queen Wilhelmina opens the landmark building of the Royal Colonial Institute
- 1928 Marcel Pagnol’s play “Topaze” premieres in Paris
Piri Reis World Map
1929 Part of the lost Piri Reis World Map, compiled by Ottoman general Piri Reis in 1513, is rediscovered in the Topkapi Palace Library in Istanbul; it is the earliest known map of the voyages of Christopher Columbus [1]
- 1930 Laura Ingalls completes the first transcontinental flight by a woman
Stalin Expels Rivals
1932 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin expels Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev from the Communist Party after a power struggle
- 1942 Statute of Westminster 1931, passed by the Australian Parliament, formalizes Australian autonomy
- 1944 Canadian offensive in West-Zeeuws-Vlaanderen
- 1944 German occupiers turn off electricity in Amsterdam
- 1945 British troops occupy the Andaman Islands in the Gulf of Bengal
The Iceman Cometh
1946 Eugene O’Neill‘s play “The Iceman Cometh” premieres in New York City
- 1946 The first electric blanket is manufactured and sold for $39.50
- 1947 First telephone conversation between occupants of a moving car and an airplane
- 1947 Jule Styne and Sammy Cahn’s musical “High Button Shoes” premieres at the New Century Theatre in New York City, later transferring to the Shubert Theatre, then to the Broadway Theatre in New York City, and runs for 727 performances
- 1948 WXYZ TV Channel 7 in Detroit, MI (ABC) begins broadcasting
- 1949 English ballerina Margot Fonteyn debuts in the US with her performance in Tchaikovsky’s “The Sleeping Beauty” at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York
- 1952 The construction of the United Nations Headquarters is completed in New York City
- 1953 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill approves the Guyanese Constitution
- 1954 KTIV TV channel 4 in Sioux City, IA (NBC) begins broadcasting
- 1957 Great Britain conducts a nuclear test at Maralinga, Australia
- 1958 Israeli navy inaugurates its first submarine
- 1959 Lee Harvey Oswald arrives in Southampton, England
- 1960 Cowboys QB Eddie LeBaron throws the shortest touchdown pass (2 inches)
- 1961 Members of the US Communist Party are obliged to report themselves to the police
- 1961 Tanganyika in East Africa becomes independent within the British Commonwealth
- 1961 Volcanic eruptions on Tristan da Cunha (South Atlantic)
- 1962 Battles to decide the Algeria-Morocco boundary kill 130
- 1962 NASA civilian test pilot John B. McKay takes the X-15 to 39,200 meters
- 1962 Uganda becomes independent from the United Kingdom
- 1963 Hurricane Flora ravages Cuba and Haiti, killing 6,000
- 1963 The French Air Force receives its first nuclear weapons
- 1963 Vajont Dam disaster: a landslide creates a 50 million cubic meter wave, killing around 2,000 people in the Piave Valley in Northern Italy
- 1965 The Beatles’ single “Yesterday” goes #1 and stays #1 for 4 weeks
Belfast Students March
1968 2,000 students from Queen’s University Belfast try to march to Belfast City Hall in protest against “police brutality” but are blocked by loyalists led by Ian Paisley, leading to the formation of the student civil rights group People’s Democracy
- 1968 Government seizes oil fields in Peru
- 1968 WKMU TV channel 21 in Murray, KY (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1970 Khmer Republic (Cambodia) declares independence
- 1971 Japanese Emperor Hirohito visits the Netherlands
- 1971 USSR performs nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeast Kazakhstan
- 1973 First general strike in Luxembourg since 1942
- 1973 Israel announces the loss of the Bar-Lev defense line in the Suez Canal
- 1974 Race riot in Boston due to “bussing”
- 1974 Washington Capitals play their first NHL game, losing 6-3 to the NY Rangers at Madison Square Garden; start of a 37-game road losing streak for Washington
- 1975 Emperor Hirohito of Japan visits San Francisco
- 1976 On his Test cricket debut, Javed Miandad (Pakistan) scores 163 on the first day
- 1976 Peter Petherick takes a hat-trick on his cricket debut for New Zealand against Pakistan, with Javed being the first wicket
- 1976 Yankees win their first AL Championship game, defeating the Royals 4-1
- 1977 Soyuz 25 launches to Salyut 6 but returns after failing to dock
- 1977 Yankees rally for three in the ninth and beat Royals 5-3 for pennant number 31
Prime Minister Botha
1978 P.W. Botha succeeds John Vorster as Prime Minister of South Africa
- 1979 Howard Stern begins broadcasting on WCCC in Hartford, Connecticut
- 1980 First consumer use of home banking by computer by United American Bank in Knoxville, Tennessee
- 1980 Nobel prize for literature awarded to Czesław Miłosz
- 1981 Abolition of capital punishment in France
- 1982 Attack on synagogue in Rome leaves 1 dead
- 1983 NFL Buffalo Bills QB Joe Ferguson passes for 419 yards with 5 TDs, winning 38-35 in overtime over the Dolphins in Miami
- 1983 Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar) bombing: North Korean agents attempt to assassinate the South Korean President, resulting in 21 deaths, including 9 South Korean government officials, presidential advisors, security team members, and 3 reporters
- 1984 Astronaut Kathy Sullivan becomes the first US woman to walk in space during a Space Shuttle Challenger mission (STS-41-G)
Strawberry Fields Memorial
1985 “Strawberry Fields” memorial to John Lennon in Central Park, New York City, is dedicated by Mayor Ed Koch
- 1985 US performs a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
The Late Show with Joan Rivers
1986 “The Late Show with Joan Rivers” premieres on Fox, making her the first woman to host a US late-night TV talk show; she is fired in May 1987
Phantom of the Opera
1986 Stage musical “The Phantom of the Opera,” written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and starring Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman, premieres in London and runs for 13,629 performances
- 1986 US Senate convicts US District Judge Harry E. Claiborne, making him the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment after he is criminally convicted of tax evasion
Hail! Hail! Rock ‘n’ Roll
1987 “Hail! Hail! Rock ‘n’ Roll” documentary film, directed by Taylor Hackford of 1986 concerts celebrating rock and roll pioneer Chuck Berry, is released
- 1987 Japanese bank buys “Lady McGill” stamp for $1,100,000
- 1988 17% vote for the far-right Flemish Bloc in Belgium
- 1988 Dennis Eckersley is the first to save all four games in a championship series
- 1989 First NFL game coached by an African American (Art Shell), as his LA Raiders beat the NY Jets 14-7 on Monday Night Football
- 1989 Penthouse Magazine in Hebrew hits newsstands
- 1990 David Souter is sworn in as 105th US Supreme Court Justice
- 1990 Radio stations around the world play “Imagine” to honor John Lennon on what would have been his 50th birthday
- 1991 Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
- 1991 San Jose Sharks beat Calgary 4-3 for their first NHL win
Under Siege
1992 Action thriller film “Under Siege,” directed by Andrew Davis and starring Steven Seagal in his most famous role, is released
- 1992 An estimated 13-kilogram meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family’s 1980 Chevrolet Malibu
- 1992 Great meteorite seen from Kentucky to New York
- 1994 Austrian parliamentary election (23% far-right)
- 1997 ABL players are allowed to own stock in the league
- 1997 Hurricane kills 123 in Acapulco, Mexico
- 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to Italian playwright Dario Fo
- 1997 North Carolina’s record-winning college basketball coach Dean Smith retires
- 1997 The New York Rangers are the first NHL team to open with four consecutive ties
- 1999 The last flight of the US aircraft Lockheed SR-71 “Blackbird”
- 2001 Second mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey, in the 2001 anthrax attacks
- 2006 North Korea conducts its first nuclear test with an estimated yield of between 0.4 and 2 kilotons
- 2007 The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at an all-time high of 14,164.53
- 2007 “Low” single released by Flo Rida (Billboard Song of the Year 2008)
- 2009 First lunar impact of the Centaur and LCROSS spacecraft as part of NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
2011 German Red Bull driver Sebastian Vettel finishes third in the Japanese F1 Grand Prix to clinch his second consecutive World Drivers’ Championship
Protests in Athens
2012 25,000 people in Athens protest against German Chancellor Angela Merkel as part of the country’s anti-austerity movement
- 2012 Serge Haroche and David Wineland win the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics for work on quantum optics
Malala Yousafzai Shot
2012 Women’s rights and education activist Malala Yousafzai is shot by a Taliban gunman as she tries to board her school bus in the Swat district of northwest Pakistan
- 2013 Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel win the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work on multiscale models for complex chemical systems
- 2013 Sixty people are killed in clashes between militias and Seleka rebels in the Central African Republic
- 2014 Gatwick, Heathrow and JFK airports enhance screening for the Ebola virus
- 2014 Patrick Modiano wins the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature
Revival
2015 Selena Gomez releases her studio album “Revival” and goes to #1 on the Billboard 200
- 2015 The Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Second Trump-Clinton Debate
2016 Second US Presidential debate: Hostile confrontation between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton at Washington University in St. Louis
- 2017 American economist Richard Thaler is awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics
Harvey Weinstein Fired
2017 American film producer Harvey Weinstein is fired from The Weinstein Company after allegations of sexual misconduct
Nikki Haley Resigns
2018 President Trump’s ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley, says she is resigning at the end of the year
- 2019 Nearly 1 million people in Northern California have their power cut by Pacific Gas and Electric to prevent wildfires amid high winds
- 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino for the development of lithium-ion batteries, making Goodenough the oldest winner at 97
Turkey Strikes Kurdish Syria
2019 Turkey launches airstrikes on Kurdish forces in northern Syria after US President Donald Trump announces the decision to pull back US forces
- 2020 The UN’s World Food Programme is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Czech Elections
2021 Czech populist Prime Minister Andrej Babis is narrowly defeated in national elections by a coalition of opposition parties
- 2022 American runner Emily Sisson runs a US record of 2:18:29 in the Chicago Marathon, finishing second by 4:11 to repeat winner Ruth Chepngetich of Kenya
- 2022 Brightest cosmic explosion ever seen: a gamma-ray burst 2.4 billion light-years away, believed to be a massive star collapsing to form a black hole in a 1-in-10,000-year event [1]
- 2022 Brock Purdy makes his regular-season debut in the NFL
2022 Dutch Red Bull driver Max Verstappen secures his second consecutive World F1 Drivers’ Championship after finishing ahead of Sergio Pérez and Charles Leclerc in the Japanese GP at Suzuka
- 2023 Claudia Goldin is awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for advancing our understanding of women’s labor market outcomes [1]
- 2023 Robert F. Kennedy Jr. launches an independent bid for the US Presidency at Philadelphia’s Independence Mall [1]
- 2023 World record set for the heaviest pumpkin, a jack-o’-lantern gourd weighing 2,749 pounds (1,247 kg), grown by Travis Gienger from Anoka, Minnesota, enough for 687 pies [1]
- 2023 World’s largest offshore wind farm, Dogger Bank off the coast of Yorkshire, starts generating power for the UK electricity grid [1]
- 2024 Hurricane Milton makes landfall near Siesta Key, Florida, as a Category 3 storm, causing at least 23 deaths during one of the state’s largest evacuations [1]
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to David Baker for building new kinds of proteins and to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for developing an AI model to predict proteins’ complex structures [1]
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