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NASA Uncovers a 540-Million-Year Magnetic Rhythm Steering Earth’s Oxygen

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Solar Wind Flows Around Earth’s Magnetic FieldNASA scientists uncovered a 540-million-year rhythm linking Earth’s shifting magnetic field to rises and dips in atmospheric oxygen, hinting that the planet’s molten core and moving continents may quietly choreograph the conditions that allow complex life to thrive. Earth’s Magnetism and Oxygen Dance For 540 million years, Earth’s magnetic field and the planet’s oxygen levels […]



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Rare gold coin of Byzantine emperor Justin II found in Bulgaria – The History Blog

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A rare gold coin minted during the reign of Byzantine emperor Justin II (565-578 A.D.) has been discovered in the ancient fortress of Tuida in Sliven, southern Bulgaria. It is a light solidus minted in Theupolis (ancient Antioch in Syria, modern-day Antakya, southern Turkey), whereas the more frequently found examples of this design are full-weight solidi minted in Constantinople.

The obverse bears a helmeted and cuirassed bust of the emperor, holding Victory on a globe in his right hand and a shield with a horseman device against his left shoulder. It is inscribed DN IVSTINVS PP AVG (which stands for “Our Lord Justin, Father of the Country, Augustus”). The reverse features the personification of Constantinopole enthroned looking right, holding a long scepter in her right hand and the globus crucifer (aka, the orb and cross) in her left. It is inscribed VICTORIA AVGGG ΘS (meaning “Victory of the three emperors, Theoupolis).

The Sliven area has been settled going back 8,000 years to the Neolithic era. Archaeological remains of a Thracian settlement dating to between the 6th-3rd century B.C. were found on Hisarlaka Hill in the 1980s. The settlement was conquered by Philip of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great, and then by the Roman Republic around 72 B.C. It was absorbed into the Roman Empire’s province of Thrace, and is referred to in ancient sources as Tuida/Suida at this time. In the 4th century, a fortress was built on Hisarlaka Hill became part of Rome’s defensive Stara Planina fortification system.

The fortress was destroyed by the Huns in the 5th century but was rebuilt by Byzantine emperor Anastasius I Dicorus (r. 491-518 A.D.) with improved fortifications. Emperor Justinian I (527-565 A.D.) also expanded and rebuilt parts of the fortress and the surrounding settlement. Tuida was destroyed again in around 598 or 599 by Avars, Slavs and Proto-Bulgarians. The fortress was rebuilt again in the 9th century by the First Bulgarian Empire and new buildings erected inside the fortress complex. It remained in use until the beginning of the 13th century when Bulgaria was conquered by the Byzantines again.

The Sliven Regional Historical Museum has been excavating the site yearly since 2004 and so far has uncovered only four gold coins in total. Gold coins were much too valuable to buy stuff with. They were status symbols and investments, so the discovery of four of them in the fortress grounds are evidence that wealthy people lived there.

This season’s dig unearthed a total of 23 coins ranging in date from the 2nd century to the 13th. Most of them are bronze. Bronze coins were the main circulating currency exchanged for goods and services. The abundance of bronze coins found in the fortress are evidence of brisk trade having taken place there.

The gold coin found earlier this month was first believed to be minted by Justinian I, but after it was cleaned it was identified as the Justin II light solidus. Justinian was Justin’s uncle (and Justin’s wife Sophia was Justinian’s wife Theodora’s niece.)

Justin II was handpicked by his uncle Justinian I to succeed him to the throne. He was unable to live up to his uncle’s great success in reclaiming imperial territories in the west and east, and soon lost Italy to the Lombards, Spain to the Visigoths, and Mesopotamia, Syria and Armenia to the Persian Sasanian Empire. He did pay off the large debt his uncle’s wars had accumulated, however, and appears to have left a large amount of cash in the vaults before his mental health nosedived and his caesar Tiberius began to rule in his stead in 574 A.D.



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Famous Deaths on June 26

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  • 363 Julian the Apostate, Roman Emperor (361-63), who tried to re-instate paganism, dies of his battle wounds at 31 or 32
  • 1274 Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian philosopher, architect and mathematician (Tadhkirah fi ʿilm al-hay), dies at 73
  • 1291 Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III of England

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed.

Francisco Pizarro

  • 1631 Justinus van Nassau, Dutch military commander who fought against the Armada and illegitimate child of William of Orange, dies at 71 or 72
  • 1657 Tobias Michael, German composer, dies at 65
  • 1661 Lazaro Valvasensi, Italian organist and composer, dies at 76
  • 1688 Ralph Cudworth, philosopher/cleric, dies
  • 1718 Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia and son of Peter the Great, dies in prison from the effects of torture after being sentenced to death by his father at 28
  • 1778 Angelo Antonio Caroli, Italian composer, dies at 77
  • 1793 Gilbert White, English naturalist (Natural History and Antiquities of Selborn), dies at 72
  • 1796 David Rittenhouse, American astronomer, inventor, and mathematician, dies at 64
  • 1798 Eugene Godecharle, composer, dies at 56
  • 1810 Joseph Michel Montgolfier, French inventor (b. 1740)
  • 1810 Louis d’Affry, French general, military governor of Switzerland and mayor of Freiburg, dies at 67
  • 1819 Johann Wilhelm Stadler, German composer (Die Kreuzfahrer – The Crusaders), dies at 71
  • 1819 Slome Duikelar [Abraham J Swalff], Yiddish writer, dies
  • 1827 Christian A Vulpius, German writer (Ornaldo Ornaldini), dies
  • 1827 Samuel Crompton, English inventor (mule-jenny spinning machine), dies at 73
  • 1830 George IV, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover (1820-30), dies of upper gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from the rupture of a blood vessel in his stomach at 67
  • 1836 Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, French author and composer (Marseillaise), dies at 76
  • 1848 Stevenson Archer, American judge and Congressmen from Maryland, dies at 61
  • 1856 Max Stirner [Johann Kaspar Schmidt], German philosopher (Der Einzige), dies at 49
  • 1863 Andrew Hull Foote, American Rear Admiral (Union Navy), dies at 56
  • 1864 Tom Hyer, American bare-knuckle boxer (American heavyweight champion 1841-51), dies of edema at 45
  • 1878 Mercedes of Orléans, Queen of Spain, dies at 18
  • 1879 Richard Heron Anderson, American general in the Confederate Army and during the Mexican-American War, dies at 57
  • 1883 James Conner, American lawyer and brigadier general in the Confederate Army, dies at 53
  • 1896 Prince Louis, French Duke of Nemours, dies at 81
  • 1906 Alexander Muir, Canadian composer (The Maple Leaf Forever), dies at 76
  • 1918 Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and Nobel Prize laureate, dies at 74
  • 1922 Albert H K, monarch of Monaco (1889-1922), dies at 73
  • 1926 Christina Goedvolk, wife of Henry Jut, dies
  • 1937 Adolf Erman, German Egyptologist (Grammar of Ancient Egypt), dies at 82

James Weldon Johnson

  • 1939 Ford Madox Ford [Hueffer], British novelist (The Good Soldier), critic, and journal editor (The Transatlantic), dies at 65
  • 1943 Fritz Schmidt, German Commissioner-General for Political Affairs and Propaganda (Netherlands, 1940-43), commits suicide at 39
  • 1944 Billy Newham, cricketer (England Test 1887), dies
  • 1945 Ernö Rapée, Hungarian-American pianist, conductor (Roxt Symphony; Radio City Music Hall, 1932-45), silent and early sound film score composer, and songwriter (“Diane”, “Charmaine”), dies of a heart attack at 54 [1]
  • 1945 Nikolay Tcherepnin, Russian composer of ballets, dies at 72
  • 1946 Max Kögel, SS officer (b. 1895)
  • 1946 Yosuke Matsuoka, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan (b. 1880)

Richard Bedford Bennett

  • 1948 Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (Sa Kabukiran), murdered by former co-star Narding Anzures at 24
  • 1949 Kim Gu, President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1939-48), dies at 72
  • 1956 Clifford Brown, American jazz trumpeter and composer (Joyspring, Jordu), dies at 25
  • 1957 Alfred Döblin, German Modernist writer known for “Berlin Alexanderplatz”, dies at 78
  • 1958 Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician and United Nations diplomat, dies at 69
  • 1958 George Orton, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
  • 1959 Audley Miller, cricketer (Test for England 1896), dies
  • 1960 Henrik Shipstead, American Senator (1923-1947), who opposed foreign intervention, dies at 79
  • 1960 John B. Kelly, American rower and father of Grace Kelly (3 x Olympic gold 1920, 24), dies of intestinal cancer at 70
  • 1961 Kenneth F. Fearing, American poet (Afternoon of a pawnbroker), dies at 58
  • 1963 Obe Postma, Frisian poet (Fan wjerklank en bisinnen / Of resonance and reflection), naturalist, and historian, dies at 95
  • 1964 Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian hockey executive, dies at 74
  • 1965 Bertil Lindblad, Swedish astronomer (Milky Way system), dies at 69
  • 1965 Johan Conrad Kikkert, Dutch painter and critic who promoted modern art in the Netherlands through Modern Art Circle, dies at 82
  • 1965 Reginald Beckwith, actor/writer (39 Steps, Dr in Love), dies at 56
  • 1967 Errol Hunte, Trinidadian cricketer (WI batsman in 3 Tests v England 1930), dies at 55
  • 1967 Françoise Dorléac, French actress, sister of Catherine Deneuve dies in a car accident at 25
  • 1968 Ziggy Elman [Harry Finkelman], American big band jazz trumpeter (Benny Goodman – “And The Angels Sing”; Tommy Dorsey), bandleader, and klezmer musician, dies at 54
  • 1971 Guillermo Uribe Holguin, composer, dies at 91
  • 1971 Inia Te Wiata, opera singer, dies
  • 1971 Juan Manen, composer, dies at 88
  • 1972 David Lichine [Lichtenstein], Russian-American dancer and choreographer, dies at 61
  • 1973 Arnold Richardson, composer, dies at 59
  • 1973 Ernest Truex, American actor (Fluffy, Scared, His Girl Friday, Pete & Gladys, Mr Peepers), dies at 83
  • 1975 St. Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish Roman Catholic priest and founder of Opus Dei, dies of cardiac arrest at 73
  • 1977 Lou Reizner, American rock vocalist and producer (Rod Stewart; Tommy), dies of cancer at 43
  • 1977 Oskar Morgenstern, German-American economist, dies at 75
  • 1978 Rabbaji, president of South-Yemen, executed
  • 1979 Charles Clore, financier, dies
  • 1981 Peter Kreuder, German composer, dies
  • 1982 Alexander Mitscherlich, German psychotherapist, dies at 73
  • 1982 Andre Tchaikowsy, pianist/composer, dies
  • 1982 Charles Russhon, American air force officer (liaison for James Bond films), dies at 71
  • 1982 Sandy Powell, English comedian, dies at 82
  • 1983 Sture Pettersson, Swedish cyclist (World C’ship gold Team Time trial 1967, 68, 69; Olympic silver 1968, bronze 1964), dies from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain at 40
  • 1983 Walter O’Keefe, songwriter, radio and TV host (Mayor of Hollywood), dies of congestive heart failure at 82
  • 1984 Carl Foreman, producer, dies of cancer at 69
  • 1984 Russ Savakus, American jazz, folk, and rock session bassist and violinist, dies in a car crash at 59
  • 1986 Laurie Fishlock, cricketer (4 Tests for England), dies
  • 1987 Arthur F. Burns, American economist and chairman (Federal Reserve Board), dies at 82
  • 1987 Glen Hall, South African cricketer (Test for South Africa 1965), commits suicide at 49
  • 1987 Henk Badings, Dutch opera composer (Orestes), dies at 80
  • 1989 Walter Martin, American Baptist minister and founder of the Christian Research Institute, dies at 60
  • 1990 Anni Blomqvist, Finnish novelist known for the Stormskärs-Maja series, dies at 80
  • 1990 J. C. R. Licklider, American computer scientist and Internet pioneer, dies at 75
  • 1991 Paul Andor [Wolfgang Zilzer], American-German actor (Mad Lover; Enemy of Women), dies at 90
  • 1992 Geert Vissers, Dutch TV host (Gay Dating Show), dies
  • 1992 Herman Rohde, professional wrestler (b. 1921)
  • 1992 Phil Rubenstein, American actor (Tango & Cash, Robocop), dies
  • 1993 Catherine Leno, mother of The Tonight Show host Jay, dies of cancer at 82
  • 1993 Jack Bittner, entertainer, dies

Roy Campanella

  • 1993 William H. Riker, American political scientist (b. 1920)
  • 1993 Willy C of Hemert, director/(text)poet (Small Truth), dies at 81
  • 1994 Bob den Doolaard, Dutch author and journalist (Inn with the horseshoe), dies at 93
  • 1994 Ian Board, British barkeeper (Colony Room), dies at 64
  • 1994 Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi writer and political activist, dies at 65
  • 1994 Roelof Kiers, VPRO-programmer/director (Macchiavelli), dies at 56
  • 1994 Thomas Henry Wait Armstrong, English organist (Christ College, Oxford), dies at 96
  • 1996 Veronica Guerin, Irish crime journalist, murdered by drug lords at 36
  • 1997 Charlie Chester, English comedian (Never Say Die), dies at 83

American College-Pro Football HOF end (Uni of Alabama; NFL MVP 1941, 42; 8 × First-team All-Pro, 4 × NFL All-Star; Green Bay Packers), dies at 84

Don Hutson

  • 1997 Israel Kamakawiwo’ole, Native Hawaiian singer, songwriter (“Somewhere Over The Rainbow/What A Wonderful World”), and Hawaiian sovereignty advocate, dies from respiratory failure at 38
  • 1998 Lord Rayner [Derek Rayner], English businessman and chief executive (Marks & Spencer), dies at 72
  • 1999 Angelo Bertelli, American College Football Hall of Fame quarterback (Heisman Trophy 1943, National C’ship 1943, Notre Dame), dies of brain cancer at 78
  • 2000 Logan Ramsey, American actor (Head, Joy Sticks, Say Yes), dies of a heart attack at 79
  • 2001 Soccer (dog actor) (b. 1988)
  • 2001 William Bryant, American character actor (King Dinosaur, Hell Squad), dies of cancer at 77
  • 2002 Arnold Brown, the 11th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1913)
  • 2002 Dolores Gray [Sylvia Dolores Finkelstein], American Tony Award-winning stage and screen singer and actress (Designing Woman; Kismet; Destry Rides Again), dies of a heart attack at 78
  • 2002 Jay Berwanger, American College Football Hall of Fame halfback (1st Heisman Trophy winner 1935, Chicago), dies from lung cancer at 88
  • 2003 Dennis Thatcher, 1st Baronet, English businessman and husband of Margaret Thatcher, dies at 88
  • 2003 Denver Randleman, U.S. Army Seargent (b. 1920)
  • 2003 Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroon soccer midfielder (62 caps; collapsed during international match, died; Lens, West Ham, Lyon), dies of heart failure at 28

American politician (Senator-D/R-SC), longest-ever filibuster against Civil Rights Act, dies at 100

Strom Thurmond

  • 2004 Eskil Hemberg, Swedish composer, conductor (Stockholm University Chorus, 1959-84), and artistic director (Royal Swedish Opera, 1987-96), dies at 66
  • 2004 Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
  • 2004 Yash Johar, Indian film producer (b. 1929)
  • 2005 Richard Whiteley, British television game show host (Countdown), and broadcast journalist (Calendar), dies after unsuccessful heart surgery at 61
  • 2007 Joey Sadler, All Black rugby player (b. 1914)

Liz Claiborne

  • 2009 Erhard Karkoschka, German composer, conductor (Contac-Ensemble), educator, and music scholar, dies at 86
  • 2010 Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (b. 1932)
  • 2010 Sergio Vega, Mexican Banda singer (b.1969)
  • 2011 Edith Fellows, American actress (Pennies From Heaven, She Married Her Boss), dies at 88
  • 2012 Ann Curtis, American swimmer (Olympic gold 400m/4x100m freestyle relay, silver 100m freestyle 1948), dies at 86

Nora Ephron

  • 2013 Bert Stern, American photographer, dies at 83
  • 2014 Howard Baker, American politician (Senator-R-Tennessee 1967-85), Ronald Reagan’s chief of staff, dies at 88
  • 2015 Ash Brownridge, American conservationist (National Wildlife Federation) creator of Ranger Rick, dies at 98
  • 2015 Richard Matt, American murderer who escaped prison, shot and killed on the run at 49
  • 2016 Barbara Goldsmith, American author (Little Gloria…Happy At Last), dies at 85
  • 2018 Daniel Pilon, Canadian actor, (Ryan’s Hope; Dallas), dies at 77
  • 2018 Edward Simons, American classical violinist and conductor (Rockland Symphony, 1962-2017), dies at 101
  • 2018 Henri Namphy, Haitian general and President of Haiti (1986-88), dies in exile at 85
  • 2018 Phil Rodgers, American golfer (5 PGA Tour wins), dies of leukemia at 80
  • 2019 Beth Chapman, American bounty hunter and reality star (Dog the Bounty Hunter), dies of cancer at 51
  • 2019 Eugene Alcalay, Romanian concert pianist, composer, and educator, dies of a heart attack at 52
  • 2019 Max Wright, American character actor (Buffalo Bill; Alf; Misfits of Science), dies of lymphoma at 75
  • 2020 Jaroslav Pollák, Slovak soccer midfielder (49 caps, Czechoslovakia; Sparta Prague, Austria Salzburg), dies at 72
  • 2020 Kelly Asbury, American animated film director (Shrek 2, Smurfs: The Lost Village), dies of abdominal cancer at 60
  • 2020 Milton Glaser, American graphic designer (founder of New York Magazine; creator of “I ♥ NY” logo), dies at 91
  • 2020 Tami Lynn [Gloria Brown], American soul singer (“I’m Gonna Run Away From You”), and session vocalist (Dr. John; Rolling Stones), dies at 81
  • 2020 Taryn Power, American actress (Maria); youngest daughter of Tyrone Power Mexican actress Linda Christian, dies of leukemia at 66
  • 2020 Theo Foley, Irish soccer defender (9 caps, Republic of Ireland; Burnley, Charlton Athletic) and manager (Northampton Town), dies at 83
  • 2020 William Negri, Italian soccer goalkeeper (12 caps; Mantova, Bologna), dies at 84
  • 2021 Frederic Rzewski, American concert pianist, and composer (Spacecraft), dies of a heart attack at 83
  • 2021 Johnny Solinger, American rock singer-songwriter (Skid Row, 1999 to 2015), dies of liver failure at 55
  • 2021 Jon Hassell, American composer and trumpet player (Dream Theory In Malaya), dies at 84
  • 2021 Marcelo Campo, Argentine rugby union winger (20 Tests Argentina, 6 South America; Pueyrredón SC), dies from a heart attack at 63
  • 2021 Mike Gravel, American politician (US Senator (D) – Alaska, 1969-81), and peace activist (Pentagon Papers), dies at 91
  • 2022 Frank Williams, English actor (Dad’s Army – “Reverend Farthing”), dies at 90
  • 2022 Jupiter, Amur tiger at Columbus Zoo and Aquarium (Ohio), dies of COVID-19 at 14
  • 2022 Margaret Keane, American painter whose husband claimed credit for her work (Big Eyes paintings), dies at 94 [1]
  • 2022 Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, Danish mathematician and statistical theorist, dies at 87
  • 2023 Craig Brown, Scottish soccer wing half (Rangers, Dundee, Falkirk) and manager (Scotland 1993-2001; Preston NE, Motherwell, Aberdeen), dies at 82
  • 2023 David Ogilvy, Earl of Airlie, Scottish peer, Lord Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth, dies at 97
  • 2023 Nicolas Coster, American character actor (Santa Barbara; One Life To Live; The Facts of Life), dies at 89
  • 2024 (Richard) “Kinky” Friedman, American country rocker (“Ride ‘Em Jewboy”), and humorist, dies of complications from Parkinson’s disease at 79 [1]
  • 2024 Pat Heywood, Scottish actress (10 Rillington Place; Lucky Feller), dies at 92

June 26 Highlights

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Famous Birthdays on June 26

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  • 1575 Anne Catherine of Brandenburg, Queen of Denmark and Norway, born in Halle (Saale), Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) (d. 1612)
  • 1582 Johannes Schultz, German composer, born in Lüneburg, Hanseatic League (d. 1653)
  • 1681 Hedvig Sophia, Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp, born in Three Crowns Castle, Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1708)
  • 1689 Edward Holyoke, American academic and 9th President of Harvard University, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1769)
  • 1694 Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist, born in Riddarhyttan, Sweden (d. 1768)
  • 1702 Philip Doddridge, English Nonconformist clergyman, born in London (d. 1751)
  • 1703 Thomas Clap, American academic, 1st President of Yale University, born in Scituate, Massachusetts (d. 1767)

French astronomer, comet hunter and cataloguer of nebulae and star clusters, now referred to as “M objects”, born in Badonviller, Lorraine, France

Charles Messier

  • 1742 Arthur Middleton, American signer (Declaration of Independence), born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1787)
  • 1747 Leopold Koželuch [Jan Antonín Koželuh], Czech pianist, composer, kapellmeister, and teacher, born in Velvary, Kingdom of Bohemia (d. 1818) [1]
  • 1749 Louis Joseph Claude Saint-Amans, French composer, born in Marseille, France (d. 1820)
  • 1760 Johan I Jozef, Monarch of Liechtenstein and fieldmarshal, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1836)
  • 1763 George Morland, English artist of rural landscapes, born in London (d. 1804)
  • 1817 Branwell Brontë [Patrick Branwell Brontë], English painter and writer and brother of the writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne, born in Thornton, West Yorkshire, England (d. 1848)
  • 1819 Abner Doubleday, American Union Army General-Major, and inventor (San Francisco cable cars), born in Ballston Spa, New York (d. 1893)
  • 1821 Bartolomé Mitre [Martínez], Argentine general, author, statesman and President (1862-1868), born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 1906)
  • 1823 Frederick Bowen Jewson, Scottish composer, born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1891)
  • 1824 Moritz Fürstenau, German composer, born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony (d. 1889)

1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-Scottish mathematical physicist (Kelvin Scale) and engineer (transatlantic telegraph), born in Belfast, Ireland

William Thomson

  • 1831 Julius Rodenberg [Levy], German writer (Kriegs-Songs of War & Peace), born in Rodenberg, Germany (d. 1914)
  • 1837 Martin Davis Hardin II, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Jacksonville, Illinois (d. 1923)
  • 1837 Victor Girardey, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Lauw, France (d. 1864)

Robert Borden

  • 1865 Bernard Berenson, American art critic (Italian Painters of the Renaissance), born in Vilnius, Lithuania, Russian Empire (d. 1959)
  • 1865 Charles Bonin, French explorer and diplomat (China), born in Poissy, France (d. 1929)
  • 1865 George C. Pearce, American actor (The Shadow Sinister, British Agent, Valiant), born in New York City (d. 1940)
  • 1866 George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier and Egyptologist who funded the search for and excavation of Tutankhamun’s tomb in the Valley of the Kings, born in Highclere Castle, Hampshire, England (d. 1923)
  • 1866 Josef Swickard, German actor (The Wizard of Oz; Lost City; A Tale of Two Cities), born in Coblenz, Germany (d. 1940)
  • 1869 Martin Andersen Nexø, Danish writer (Pelle Erobreren), born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1954)
  • 1874 Albert Relf, English cricket all-rounder (13 Tests, 1 x 50, 25 wickets, BB 5/85; Sussex CCC, Auckland CA), born in Burwash, East Sussex, England (d. 1937)
  • 1875 Camille Zeckwer, American pianist, organist, composer, and educator (Philadelphia Musical Academy, 1917-24), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1924)
  • 1878 Albert Siklós, Hungarian composer, born in Budapest, Hungary (d. 1942)
  • 1878 Ernest Torrence, Scottish actor (I Cover the Waterfront, Hunchback of Notre Dame), born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1933)
  • 1880 Natalia Brassova, Russian noblewoman, wife of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, born in Perovo, Moscow, Russian Empire (d. 1952)
  • 1881 Ya’akov Cahan, Hebrew poet and writer, born in Slutsk, Belarus (d. 1960)
  • 1885 Anna Maria Franciska van Wageningen-Salomons, Dutch author (Girl Student), born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1980)
  • 1887 Anthony Gustav de Rothschild, British philanthropist, born in London (d. 1961)
  • 1888 Paul Niggli, Swiss mineralogist (crystal structures), born in Zonfingen, Switzerland (d. 1953)
  • 1890 Jeanne Eagels, American actress and former Ziegfeld Girl (Rain, Under False Colors), born in Kansas City, Missouri (d. 1929)
  • 1891 Heinrich Lemacher, German composer, born in Solingen, Dusseldorf, Germany (d. 1966)
  • 1891 Sidney Coe Howard, American dramatist (Swords, Pulitzer 1925), born in Oakland, California (d. 1939)

American author (The Good Earth – Nobel Prize for Literature, 1938), and humanitarian, born in Hillsboro, West Virginia

Pearl S. Buck

  • 1893 “Big” Bill Broonzy, American blues singer and guitarist (Blues by Broonzy), born in Scott, Mississippi (d. 1958)
  • 1893 Dorothy Fuldheim, American print and broadcast journalist (The Cleveland Press; WEWS-TV, Cleveland, Ohio), credited as being 1st woman in US to anchor a television news broadcast, born in Passiac, New Jersey (d. 1989)
  • 1894 Bill Wirges, American orchestra leader (Growing Paynes), born in Buffalo, New York (d. 1971)

Canadian ice hockey goaltender (first NHL goaltender to record 20 shutouts in one season; Montreal Canadiens), born in Toronto, Ontario

George Hainsworth

  • 1895 Jankel Adler, Polish painter and printmaker, born in Tuszyn, Łódź, Poland (d. 1949)
  • 1897 Viola Dana, American actress (Willow Tree, 40 Winks, Silent Lover), born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1987)
  • 1898 Chesty Puller, US Marine Corps lieutenant general and the most decorated Marine in history, born in West Point, Virginia (d. 1971)
  • 1898 Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany (d. 1978)
  • 1899 Maria Nikolaevna, 3rd daughter of the last Russian Tsar, Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna, born in Peterhof Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1918)
  • 1900 Jo Spier [Joseph Spier], Dutch cartoonist and water color painter, born in Zutphen, Netherlands (d. 1978)
  • 1901 Stuart Symington, U.S. senator from Missouri (1953–76), born in Amherst, Massachusetts (d. 1988)
  • 1901 William Busch, British composer, born in London (d. 1945)
  • 1902 Antonia Brico, Dutch-American conductor and pianist, born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1989)
  • 1902 Bill Lear, American engineer, manufacturer and CEO (Lear Jet Corp), born in Hannibal, Missouri (d. 1978)
  • 1902 Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor and musical educator, born in Corseaux-sur-Vevey, Switzerland (d. 2010)
  • 1903 “St. Louis” Jimmy Oden, American blues singer-songwriter (“Goin’ Down Slow”, “Take the Bitter with the Sweet”), born in Nashville, Tennessee (d. 1977)
  • 1903 Ashley Clarke, British diplomat to Italy and Chairman of the Venice in Peril Fund, born in Stourbridge, England (d. 1994)
  • 1903 Babe Herman, American baseball right fielder (.324 career average; hit for cycle record x 3; Brooklyn Robins), born in Buffalo, New York (d. 1987)
  • 1904 Frank Scott Hogg, Canadian astronomer, born in Preston, Ontario (d. 1951)
  • 1904 Peter Lorre, Hungarian-American actor (M, Casablanca, Beast with 5 Fingers), born in Rózsahegy, Austria-Hungary (d. 1964)
  • 1905 Jack Longland, British director of education (Derbyshire), born in London (d. 1993)
  • 1905 Jan Louis Guillaume Doornik, Dutch resistance fighter (Free French Forces), born in Paris (d. 1941)
  • 1905 Teddy Grace [Stella Crowson], American jazz and blues singer, born in Arcadia, Louisiana (d. 1992) [1]
  • 1906 Stefan Andres, German writer (Wir sind Utopia), born in Dhrönchen (d. 1970)
  • 1906 Viktor Schreckengost, American industrial designer, born in Sebring, Ohio (d. 2008)
  • 1907 Debs Garms, American baseball utility (World Series 1944 St. Louis Cardinals; NL batting champion 1940 Pittsburgh Pirates), born in Bangs, Texas (d. 1984)
  • 1908 Jimmy McLin, American jazz banjo player, and guitarist (James P. Johnson; Willie “The Lion” Smith; The Ink Spots), born in Brooksville, Florida (d. 1983)

President of Chile (1970-73) and the 1st Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through an open election, born in Valparaíso, Chile

Salvador Allende

  • 1909 Betty Askwith, British writer and biographer, know for “A Tangled Web”, born in London, England (d. 1995)
  • 1909 Colonel Tom Parker [Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk], Dutch-born talent manager (Elvis Presley), born in Breda, Netherlands (d. 1997)
  • 1909 Nicholas Polunin, British botanist and environmentalist, born in Checkendon, Oxfordshire (d. 1997)
  • 1910 Charles Spry, Australian soldier and security chief, born in Brisbane, Queensland (d. 1994)
  • 1910 Roy J. Plunkett, American chemist and inventor of Teflon, born in New Carlisle, Ohio (d. 1994) [1]

American all-round athlete (10 LPGA major titles, Olympic gold 80m hurdles, javelin 1932), born in Port Arthur, Texas

Babe Didrikson Zaharias

  • 1911 Edward H. Levi, American law professor (Intro to Legal Reasoning), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2000)
  • 1913 Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician, born in Basse-Pointe, Martinique (d. 2008)
  • 1913 Maurice Wilkes, British computer scientist and inventor (stored program concept for computers), born in Dudley, England (d. 2010)
  • 1914 Laurie Lee, English poet and author (I Can’t Stay Long), born in Slad, Gloucestershire, England (d. 1997)
  • 1914 Richard Maltby Sr., American musician and orchestra leader (Vaughn Monroe Show), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1991)
  • 1914 Shapour Bakhtiar, Iranian politician (Prime Minister, for 36 days in 1979), born in Shahrekord, Persia (d. 1991)
  • 1914 Wolfgang Windgassen, German operatic tenor (Stuttgart Opera), born in Annemasse, France (d. 1974)
  • 1915 Charlotte Zolotow, American author and publisher of children’s books (When the Wind Stops), born in Norfolk, Virginia (d. 2013)
  • 1915 Paul Castellano, American organized-crime chief, born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1985)
  • 1915 Willard “Home Run” Brown, American Baseball HOF outfielder (NgL World Series 1942; 6 x NgL All-Star Kansas City Monarchs; MLB: St. Louis Browns), born in Shreveport, Louisiana (d. 1996)
  • 1917 Wille Hamilton, British MP, born in Houghton-le-Spring, England (d. 2000)
  • 1918 Roger Voisin, American classical trumpet player (Boston Symphony, 1935-83), educator, and music editor, born in Angers, France (d. 2008)
  • 1919 Peter Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell, British MP and attorney general, born in Birkenhead, England (d. 2006)
  • 1920 June Preisser, American acrobatic dancer and actress (Babes in Arms, Strike Up the Band), born in New Orleans, Louisiana (d. 1984)
  • 1920 Leonid Hambro, American concert pianist and composer, born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2006)
  • 1921 Abe Jan Koldijk, Dutch physician for the Nazi regime (Limburg’s family doctor), born in Vreeland, Netherlands (d. 2015)
  • 1921 Violette Szabo, French WWII secret agent, born in Paris, France (d. 1945)
  • 1922 Alan T. Peacock, British economist, born in Ryton, England (d. 2014)
  • 1922 Campbell Adamson, British industrialist and CEO (Abbey National Pictures), born in Perth, Scotland (d. 2000)
  • 1922 Eleanor Parker, American actress (Caged, Detective Story, Hans Brinker), born in Cedarville, Ohio (d. 2013)
  • 1923 Barbara Graham, American criminal convicted of murder, born in Oakland, California (d. 1955)
  • 1923 David Haslam, British rear admiral (hydrographer), born in Derby, England (d. 2009)
  • 1924 Kostas Axelos, Greek-French philosopher, born in Athens, Greece (d. 2010)
  • 1924 Peter Miles, British Army officer, businessman and courtier in the Household of Elizabeth II, born in Long Ashton, Somerset (d. 2013)
  • 1924 Syd Lawrence, British bandleader (Syd Lawrence Orchestra), born in Wilmslow, Cheshire, England (d. 1998)
  • 1925 Pavel Belyayev, Soviet fighter pilot and cosmonaut (Voskhod II), born in Chelishchevo, Russia (d. 1970)
  • 1926 Tadeusz Konwicki, Polish writer (Bohin Manor) and film director, born in Nowa Wilejka, Wilenskie (d. 2015)
  • 1927 Jerry Schatzberg, American photographer (Vogue, Esquire) and film director (The Panic in Needle Park; Scarecrow; The Seduction of Joe Tynan), born in the Bronx, New York City
  • 1928 Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japanese inventor, born in Tokyo, Japan
  • 1929 Alexander Fenton, CEO (Euro Ethnological Research Center in Edinburgh), born in Shotts, Lanarkshire (d. 2012)
  • 1929 Francesco Cossiga, Italian politician and 8th President of the Italian Republic (1985-92), born in Sassari, Kingdom of Italy (d. 2010)
  • 1929 Ian Prestt, English ornithologist, born in Lancaster (d. 1995)
  • 1929 Milton Glaser, American graphic designer (founder of New York Magazine; creator of “I ♥ NY” logo), born in New York City (d. 2020)
  • 1930 Peter Feuchtwanger, German piano teacher, musicologist, and composer (Studies in Eastern Idiom; Introduction and Ragas for 8 Violas and cello), born in Munich, Germany (d. 2016)
  • 1931 Colin Wilson, English author (Afterlife, Book of Great Mysteries), born in Leicester, Leicestershire, England (d. 2013)
  • 1931 Lucien Goethals, Belgian composer (Polyfonium, Pluriversum), born in Ghent, Belgium (d. 2006)
  • 1932 Harry Bromfield, South African cricket spin bowler (9 Tests, 17 wickets; Western Province), born in Mossel Bay, South Africa (d. 2020)
  • 1933 Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (La Scala, 1969-86; London Symphony, 1979-87; Berlin Philharmonic, 1989-2002), born in Milan, Italy (d. 2014)
  • 1933 David Winnick, British Labour Party MP, born in Brighton, Sussex, England
  • 1934 Dave Grusin, American jazz pianist and Academy and Grammy Award-winning composer specializing in film scores (The Milagro Beanfield War; Ishtar), born in Littleton, Colorado
  • 1934 Filipe Pires, Portuguese pianist, composer (Portugaliae Genesis), and educator, born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 2015)
  • 1934 Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist and spy, born in England (d. 1965)
  • 1934 John V Tunney, American politician (US Senator from California, 1971-77; US Representative from California, 1965-71), born in New York City (d. 2018)
  • 1934 Josef Sommer, German-American actor (Witness; Target; Iceman; Forced March), born in Greifswald, Germany
  • 1935 Douglas Peterson, American politician and diplomat, born in Omaha, Nebraska
  • 1936 Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, British politician (Member of Parliament 1966-2001; House of Lords, 2001-20), born in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2020)
  • 1937 Bob Thompson, African-American painter, born in Louisville, Kentucky (d. 1966)
  • 1937 Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist (Nobel 1996), born in Washington, D.C. (d. 2013)
  • 1937 Ruben “Baby” López Furst, Argentine jazz pianist, born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2000)
  • 1937 Sombat Metanee, Thai film actor and director, born in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
  • 1938 Billy Davis Jr, American pop singer (The 5th Dimension – “Up, Up And Away”; “Saving All My Love for You”), born in St Louis, Missouri
  • 1938 Gene Gaines, American Canadian Football HOF defensive back (CFL All Star 1965, 66, 67; Grey Cup 1968, 69 Ottawa Rough Riders, 1970, 74 Montreal Alouettes), born in Los Angeles, California (d. 2023)
  • 1938 Gerald North, American climatologist, born in Sweetwater, Tennessee
  • 1938 Neil Abercrombie, American politician (Rep-D-Hawaii, 1986-88), born in Buffalo, New York
  • 1939 Ansar Ilgamovich, Russian cosmonaut, born in Satka, Russia
  • 1939 Chuck [Charles] Robb, American politician, 64th Governor of Virginia, born in Phoenix, Arizona
  • 1939 Smangaliso Mkhatshwa, South African Secretary-General (Bishops’ Conference 1983-88), born in Barberton, Mpumalanga, South Africa
  • 1940 Robert Kramer, American actor and director, born in New York City (d. 1999)
  • 1941 Yves Beauchemin, Canadian novelist (L’enfirouapé), born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
  • 1942 Gilberto Gil, Brazilian tropicália singer-songwriter, activist, and politician (Minister of Culture, 2003-08), born in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
  • 1942 Larry “The Mole” Taylor, American session (The Monkees) and touring rock and blues bass player (Canned Heat – “On the Road Again”; John Mayall; Tom Waits), born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2019)
  • 1942 Orin C Smith, American businessman and CEO of Starbucks (2000-05), born in Ryderwood, Washington (d. 2018)
  • 1943 Allen Strange, American composer (Electronic Music: Systems, Techniques, and Controls), born in Calexico, California (d. 2008)
  • 1943 Georgie Fame [Clive Powell], English R&B and jazz singer and keyboard player (“Get Away”; “Ballad of Bonnie & Clyde”), born in Lancashire, England
  • 1943 John Beasley, American actor (Everwood; Rudy), born in Omaha, Nebraska (d. 2023)
  • 1944 Bengt Åberg, Swedish motocross racer (World 500cc Motocross Champion 1969, 70; Motocross des Nations gold 1970, 71, 74), born in Gävleborg County, Sweden (d. 2021)
  • 1944 Ruth Kempson, British linguist known for contributions to dynamic syntax (Semantic Theory, The Dynamics of Language), born in Leeds, England [1]
  • 1945 Barry Schrader, American electronic muscic composer, born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania
  • 1945 David Heyn, Sri Lankan cricket batsman (18 x unofficial tests; 2 ODIs; Nondescripts CC), born in Colombo, Sri Lanka
  • 1945 Dwight York, Nuwaubian leader (Nuwaubian Nation), born in Boston, Massachusetts
  • 1946 Clive Francis, British actor (Masada), born in London, England
  • 1946 Ricky Jay [Richard Potash], American magician and actor (Deceptive Practice: The Mysteries and Mentors of Ricky Jay), born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 2018)
  • 1947 Jef Labes, American session and touring keyboard player and arranger (Van Morrison; Jonathan Edwards), born in Boston, Massachusetts
  • 1949 Curtis Bryant, American composer (Requiem for September Eleven), born in Atlanta, Georgia
  • 1951 Gary Gilmour, Australian cricket all-rounder (15 Tests, 54 wickets, HS 101; NSWCA), born in Waratah, Australia (d. 2014)
  • 1951 Pamela Bellwood [King], American actress (Ellen-W.E.B., Claudia-Dynasty), born in New York City
  • 1951 Rindy Ross, American rock vocalist and saxophonist (Quarterflash), born in Portland, Oregon
  • 1951 Tony Currenti, Italian-Australian drummer (AC/DC), born in Fiumefreddo di Sicilia, Catania, Italy
  • 1952 Gordon McQueen, Scottish soccer defender (30 caps; St. Mirren FC, Leeds United, Manchester United) and manager (Airdrieonians FC), born in Kilbirnie, Scotland (d. 2023)
  • 1953 Ralph Ezell, American singer (Shenandoah – “Sunday in the South”), born in Union, Mississippi
  • 1953 Robert Davi, American actor (Die Hard; License to Kill), director (The Dukes), and singer (“Davi Sings Sinatra”), born in Queens, New York
  • 1953 Tara VanDerveer, American women’s collegiate basketball coach (3 x NCAA National Championships – Stanford University; Olympic gold, 1996), born in Melrose, Massachusetts
  • 1955 Mick Jones, English rock guitarist and singer (The Clash, 1976-83 – “Rock The Casbah”; Big Audio Dynamite, 1984-97 – “Rush”), born in London, England
  • 1955 Philippe Streiff, French auto racer (55 x F1 Grand Prix; 24 Hours of Le Mans 1981 runner-up; French Formula 3 C’ship 1981), born in La Tronche, France (d. 2022)
  • 1956 Azhar Cachalia, Scottish-South African leader (United Democratic Front), born in Scotland
  • 1956 Bernard A. Harris Jr., African American astronaut (STS 55, 63), born in Temple, Texas

1956 American rock singer-songwriter (“Wicked Game”), born in Stockton, California

Chris Isaak

  • 1957 Patty Smyth, American rock vocalist (Scandal – “Warrior”), born in New York City
  • 1957 Philippe Couillard, 31st Premier of Quebec and Minister of Health, born in Montreal, Quebec
  • 1958 Glen Stewart Godwin, American murderer (FBI Most Wanted), born in Miami, Florida
  • 1959 Mark McKinney, Canadian comedian and actor (The Kids in the Hall), born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
  • 1960 Barbara Edwards, American model and Playboy playmate (Sept, 1983, 1984 Playmate of the Year), born in Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • 1960 Richard Cottle, Welsh session and touring keyboardist (Alan Parsons Project, Tina Turner), and television composer, born in Swansea, Wales
  • 1960 Zachary Breaux, American jazz guitarist, born in Port Arthur, Texas (d. 1997)

1961 American road cyclist (Tour de France 1986, 89, 90; World C’ship gold road race 1983, 89), born in Lakewood, California

Greg LeMond

  • 1961 Terri Nunn, American singer (Berlin – “Take My Breath Away”), born in Los Angeles, California
  • 1962 George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, elder son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, born in Coppins, Iver, Buckinghamshire, England
  • 1963 Harriet Wheeler, English alt-rock singer-songwriter (The Sundays – “Here’s Where the Story Ends”), born in the UK
  • 1963 Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russian businessman and philanthropist, born in Moscow, Russia
  • 1963 Richard Garfield, American mathematician and game designer (Magic: The Gathering), born in Philadelphia
  • 1964 Pamela Wright, Scottish golfer (US Open 9-hole record with 30 1994), born in Glasgow, Scotland
  • 1964 Zeng Jinlian, Chinese tallest woman ever recorded (2.46m, 8’1″), born in Hunan, China (d. 1982)
  • 1966 József Duró, Hungarian soccer midfielder (21 caps; Debreceni VSC, Vasas SC, Budapest Honvéd FC), born in Berettyóújfalu, Hungary (d. 2022)
  • 1966 Kirk McLean, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (NHL All-Star 1990, 92; Vancouver Canucks), born in Toronto, Ontario
  • 1967 Travis Fine, American actor (Ike McSwain-Young Riders), born in Atlanta, Georgia
  • 1968 Eddie Perez, American session and touring guitarist (The Mavericks, 2003-present; Dwight Yoakam, 2006-11), born in Los Angeles, California
  • 1968 Jovenel Moïse, Haitian politician, President of Haiti (2017-21), born in Trou-du-Nord, Haiti (d. 2021)
  • 1968 Paolo Maldini, Italian soccer defender (126 caps; AC Milan 647 games), born in Milan, Italy
  • 1968 Shannon Sharpe, American Pro Football HOF tight end (3 x Super Bowl winner Denver Broncos, Baltimore Ravens; 4 × First-team All-Pro; 8 x Pro Bowl) and broadcaster (Fox Sports, CBS Sports), born in Chicago, Illinois
  • 1969 Colin Greenwood, English rock bassist (Radiohead), born in Oxford, England
  • 1969 Harry Boatswain, NFL tackle (Philadelphia Eagles), born in Brooklyn, New York
  • 1969 Ingrid Lempereur, Belgian swimmer, born in Messancy, Belgium
  • 1969 Mike Myers, American baseball pitcher (Detroit Tigers), born in Arlington Heights, Illinois
  • 1969 Troy Auzenne, American NFL tackle (Chicago Bears), born in El Monte, California

1970 American actor (Scent of a Woman; School Ties; Batman Forever), born in Winnetka, Illinois

Chris O'Donnell

  • 1970 Irv Gotti [Irving Domingo Lorenzo, Jr.], American record producer (Jay-Z, DMX, Ashanti, Ja Rule), born in Queens, New York City
  • 1970 Matt Letscher, American actor (The Mask of Zorro – “Captain Harrison Love”), born in Grosse Pointe, Michigan
  • 1970 Nick Offerman, American actor (Parks and Recreation), born in Joliet, Illinois
  • 1970 Paul Thomas Anderson, American filmmaker (Boogie Nights; Magnolia), born in Studio City, California
  • 1970 Sean Hayes, American Emmy and Tony Award-winning actor (Will & Grace – “Jack”; Good Night, Oscar), and television producer, born in Evergreen Park, Illinois
  • 1971 Carlton Gray, American NFL cornerback (Seattle Seahawks, Indianapolis Colts), born in Cincinnati, Ohio
  • 1971 Max Biaggi, Italian Grand Prix motorcycle racer, born in Rome, Italy
  • 1972 Garou [Pierre Garand], Canadian singer (La Rivière de notre enfance), born in Sherbrooke, Quebec
  • 1972 Jerris McPhail, American football running back (Miami Dolphins), born in Clinton, North Carolina

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Historical Events on June 26

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  • 363 Roman Emperor Julian is killed during retreat from the Sassanid Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by troops on the battlefield.
  • 684 St Benedict II begins his reign as Catholic Pope
  • 1243 Battle of Köse Dağ: Mongols under Baiju defeat Seljuk army of Sultan Kaykhusraw II during Mongol attacks in north east Turkey
  • 1284 According to the Lüneburg manuscript, a piper leads 130 children of Hamelin away
  • 1409 Council of Pisa selects Petros Philargi as 3rd Pope: Alexander V

  • 1498 Toothbrush invented in China using boar bristles
  • 1539 Battle of Chausa: Afghan and northern Indian leader Sher Shah Suri defeats Mughal Emperor Humayun in Bihar in major battle involving 200,000 forces

Christ’s Hospital

1553 Christ’s Hospital in London, England, granted a charter by King Edward VI to house and teach children of the poor

  • 1593 Maurice, Prince of Orange conquers the Spanish-held Southern Dutch city of Geertruidenberg after a siege of two months, establishing his fame
  • 1604 French expedition led by Pierre Dugua de Monts lands at Île Sainte-Croix to found settlement of Acadia in New France – later moved to Port Royal [1]
  • 1630 Swedish troops under Gustaf II Adolf lands at Peenemunde
  • 1714 Spain & Netherlands sign peace and trade agreement
  • 1718 Peter the Great’s son, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia dies from the effects of torture after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him
  • 1721 Dr Zabdiel Boylston gives 1st smallpox inoculations in America
  • 1723 After a lasting siege and bombardment by cannons, Baku surrenders to the Russians.

1794 Battle of Fleurus: Major victory by forces of the First French Republic under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan over the Coalition Army (Great Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburgs). First use of a reconnaissance balloon.

  • 1797 Charles Newbold patents 1st cast-iron plow, though farmers fear effects of iron on soil
  • 1807 Lightning hits gunpowder warehouse in Luxembourg; 230 die
  • 1843 Hong Kong proclaimed a British Crown Colony
  • 1848 1st pure food law enacted in US
  • 1848 End of the June Days uprising in Paris by French workers

1st Victoria Cross Recipients

1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria

  • 1862 Battle of Beaver Dam Creek-Union repulses Confederacy in Virginia
  • 1862 Day 2 of 7 Days-Battle of Mechanicsville VA (Meadow Bridge)
  • 1862 US Army of Virginia established under Gen John Pope
  • 1870 1st section of Atlantic City (NJ) Boardwalk opens

Valkyrie Premieres

1870 Richard Wagner‘s opera “Valkyrie”, second in his Ring Cycle premieres in Munich, featuring “Ride of the Valkyries”

  • 1879 Ismael Pasha resigns as khedive of Egypt

Karl Benz Patent

1894 Karl Benz of Germany receives US patent for gasoline-driven auto

  • 1900 Dr Walter Reed begins research that beats Yellow Fever
  • 1900 Japan mobilizes 20,000 troops to help put down the Boxer uprising in China and to advance their long-term interest in gaining land and power in mainland Asia
  • 1900 The Russian Tsar orders that Russian must be the official language of Finland, despite growing unrest within Finland and increasing international concern over Russia’s behavior there

Aga Khan III Honored

1902 Aga Khan III is appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

  • 1907 Bolsheviks overthrows transport in Tiflis
  • 1909 Victoria & Albert Museum opens in London
  • 1911 Nieuport sets an aircraft speed record of 83 mph (133 kph)

Mahler’s 9th Symphony

1912 Gustav Mahler‘s 9th Symphony premieres in Vienna, Austria with Bruno Walter conducting the Vienna Philharmonic

Indian Relief Act

1914 The Indian Relief Act, passes after a protracted period of Passive Resistance led by Gandhi; it abolishes a £3 tax imposed on Indians who had not renewed their indentures and recognizes “the validity of Indian customary marriages”

  • 1915 Germany suppresses “Vorwarts” newspaper after it called for peace
  • 1916 Cleveland Indians experiment with numbers on jerseys in a game against Chicago WS; first time MLB players identified by numbers corresponding to those on scorecard
  • 1917 First US troops arrive in France during World War I
  • 1918 The Australian steamer Wimmera is sunk by a mine laid north of Cape Maria van Diemen in 1917 by the German raider Wolf; 26 of its 151 passengers and crew were killed
  • 1919 NY Daily News begins publishing
  • 1922 The emergency decrees under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution are invoked by the government to deal with deteriorating economic conditions
  • 1924 After 8 years of occupation, US troops leave Dominican Republic
  • 1924 Theatrical revue “Ziegfeld Follies of 1924”, featuring Billie Burke and W.C. Fields, opens at the New Amsterdam Theatre, NYC

The Gold Rush

1925 Silent film “The Gold Rush”, directed, starring, and written by Charlie Chaplin, is released; becomes the 5th highest grossing silent film of all time

  • 1927 Comet 7P/Pons-Winnecke approaches within 0.0394 AUs of Earth
  • 1927 The Cyclone roller coaster opens on Coney Island

International Congresses of Modern Architects

1928 First meeting of the International Congresses of Modern Architects (CIAM) at Lake Leman, Switzerland organized by Le Corbusier

  • 1929 ENKA/Vereinigte Glanzstoff Factory merge AKU (Genl Kunstzijde Union)
  • 1934 Germany and Poland sign non-aggression treaty

Federal Credit Union Act

1934 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Federal Credit Union Act into law, establishing Credit Unions

  • 1934 US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs National Firearms Act into law, requiring registration and imposition of excise tax on firearms including machine guns. short-barreled shotguns and rifles, and silencers; exceptions made for pistol, revolvers, and long guns
  • 1935 Lloyd Waner sets record of 18 putouts in center in doubleheader
  • 1935 SDAP & CPH achieve majority in city council in Amsterdam
  • 1935 Work service for recent graduates becomes obligatory in Germany
  • 1936 1st flight of Fw61 helicopter
  • 1936 Everett Marshall beats Ali Baba in Columbus, to become wrestling champ
  • 1937 Test cricket debut of all-time great English batsman Len Hutton v New Zealand in 1st Tests at Lord’s; scores 0 & 1
  • 1938 Cincinnati Red Lonny Frey hits 8 doubles in a doubleheader
  • 1940 End of USSR experimental calendar; Gregorian readopted 6/27
  • 1941 Lithuanian fascists massacre 2,300 Jews in Kovno
  • 1942 German assault on British railroad terminal at Mersa Matruh, Egypt
  • 1944 2nd British army reaches Grainville-Mouen line
  • 1944 Yanks, Dodgers & Giants play unique 6 inn game for War Bonds, each playing successive innings, final score Dodgers-5, Yanks-1 & Giants-0
  • 1945 England win the second Victory test cricket at Bramall Lane by 41 runs

1945 The United Nations Charter is signed by 50 nations in San Francisco

  • 1946 Dutch Nazi collaborator Arnold Meijer sentenced to 5 years
  • 1948 US begin airlift “Operation Vittles” to West Berlin
  • 1949 1st Belgian parliamentary election where women can vote (CVP gains)
  • 1950 President Gottwald of Czechoslovakia confirms Milada Horakova’s death sentence
  • 1953 KCTV (now KLST) TV channel 8 in San Angelo, TX (CBS) 1st broadcast

Lavrentiy Beria Ousted

1953 Lavrentiy Beria, one of the trio of Soviet leaders after Stalin’s death and the former secret police chief, is ousted from power and arrested

  • 1955 Freedom Charter signed in South Africa

PM Gaston Eyskens

1958 Leading a minority government, Gaston Eyskens is selected Prime Minister of Belgium for the second time

  • 1958 Mackinac Straits Bridge, Michigan dedicated
  • 1958 Vanguard SLV-2 launched for Earth orbit (failed)

  • 1960 British Somaliland (now Somalia) gains independence from Britain
  • 1960 Hall of Fame allows veteran committee to vote annually
  • 1960 Italian Somaliland declares independence from Italian administration
  • 1960 LPGA Western Open Women’s Golf, Beverly CC: Joyce Ziske wins on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff with Barbara Romack
  • 1960 Madagascar (formerly Malagasy Rep) declares independence from France
  • 1962 Blacks begin passive resistance in Cairo Ill
  • 1962 Boston Red Sox Earl Wilson no-hits LA Angels, 2-0
  • 1962 WSEC (now WLRN) TV channel 17 in Miami, FL (PBS) begins broadcasting
  • 1963 Alfons Gorbach forms Austrian government
  • 1963 Dutch 2nd Chamber condemns commercial TV

1963 US President John F. Kennedy gives his famous “Ich bin ein Berliner” (intended to mean “I am a Berliner”, but may actually mean “I am a doughnut”) speech in West Berlin

  • 1964 Moise Tsjombe forms government in Congo
  • 1965 Wallon party forms in Belgium
  • 1966 Kanton Bazel leads female suffrage in Switzerland

Appointment of Interest

1967 Pope Paul VI names 27 new cardinals including Karol Józef Wojtyła, the Archbishop of Cracow and future Pope John Paul II

  • 1968 10-year-old English girl Mary Bell strangles four-year-old Martin Brown in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (later convicted of manslaughter on grounds of diminished responsibility)
  • 1968 Executive Council decides both AL & NL to divide into 2 divisions

1968 Iwo Jima & Bonin Islands returned to Japan by US

Baseball History

1970 Frank Robinson hits 2 grand slams as Baltimore Orioles beat Washington Senators 12-2

  • 1970 Two young girls die in a premature explosion in Derry after their father, a member of the Irish Republican Army, was making an incendiary device, presumably for use against the British Army

Baseball History

1971 Angels suspend Alex Johnson (after 5 benchings & 29 fines)

  • 1972 Australian swing bowler Bob Massie takes 16 wickets (8-84 & 8-53) on Test cricket debut in 2nd Test vs England at Lord’s
  • 1972 The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) kill two British Army soldiers in separate attacks during the day and at midnight begins a “bi-lateral truce”

Grease

1973 London production of Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey’s musical “Grease”, starring Richard Gere, opens at the New London Theatre

  • 1973 On Plesetsk Cosmodrome, USSR, 9 people are killed in an explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.
  • 1974 The Universal Product Code (UPC) is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of Wrigley’s chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio

State of Emergency Declared

1975 Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency

  • 1975 Two FBI agents and a member of the American Indian Movement are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial.
  • 1975 U.S. Supreme Court’s rules unanimously in “O’Connor v. Donaldson” that non-dangerous people can’t be confined to psychiatric facilities without adequate treatment if able to live viably in outside society
  • 1976 CN Tower opens in Toronto – at 553 metres (1,815 feet), the tallest freestanding structure in the world (surpassed by Dubai’s Burj Khalifa 2009) [1]

Sports History

1976 Japanese professional wrestler Antonio Inoki fights American boxer Muhammad Ali, at the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, Japan [1]

  • 1976 Washington Senators player Toby Harrah plays an entire doubleheader at shortstop without a single chance in the field
  • 1977 42 die in fire inmate causes at Maury County Jail in Columbia Tenn

Elvis Presley’s Last Performance

1977 Elvis Presley appears in concert at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana; unknowingly the last performance of his career

  • 1977 The Yorkshire Ripper kills 16-year-old shop assistant Jayne MacDonald in Leeds, changing public perception of the killer as she was the first victim who was not a prostitute.
  • 1977 Tim Severin aboard the Brendan reaches Newfoundland in attempt to prove sixth-century Irish monks could have voyaged across the Atlantic
  • 1978 Air Canada Flight 189 to Toronto overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers on board perish.
  • 1978 Brittany separatists bomb Palace of Versailles in France
  • 1978 First dedicated oceanographic satellite, SEASAT 1, launched

Moonraker

1979 “Moonraker”, 11th James Bond film starring Roger Moore, premieres in London

  • 1979 British rock drummer Nigel Olsson runs a stop sign, accidentally crashes, and kills another driver
  • 1979 The Village People become the first disco act to play Madison Square Garden, NYC
  • 1982 Carlos Lopes runs European record 10km (27:34.39)
  • 1982 US vetos UN Security Council resolution for a limited withdrawal from Beirut of Israeli & Palestine Liberation Organization forces
  • 1983 “Loving” premieres on TV
  • 1984 1st flight of Shuttle Discovery (41-D) scrubbed at T -4

Event of Interest

1985 Portugal’s Socialist Prime Minister Mário Soares resigns amid predictions that Parliament would be dissolved and elections called

King’s Record Shop

1987 Columbia Records releases “King’s Record Shop”, the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Rosanne Cash, and the final of her albums produced by husband Rodney Crowell

  • 1987 Losing 9-0 to Red Sox, Yanks score 11 in 3rd & win 12-11 in 10 inn

Event of Interest

1989 Canada updates its coinage with a new portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, designed by a Canadian for the 1st time – artist Dora dePedery-Hunt

  • 1989 Supreme Court rules 16-year-olds can receive the death penalty
  • 1990 122°F in Phoenix, Arizona
  • 1990 African National Congress (ANC) leader Nelson Mandela addresses a joint session of US Congress in Washington, D.C. [1]
  • 1990 Eight Kansas and Oklahoma radio stations boycott k d lang, due to her anti-meat ad
  • 1990 New Kid on the Block Donnie Wahlberg release from hospital after fall
  • 1991 Amy Elizabeth Goodman, of California, crowned America’s Junior Miss
  • 1991 NBA Draft: UNLV power forward Larry Johnson first pick by Charlotte Hornets
  • 1992 India leases Tin Bigha corridor to Bangladesh
  • 1992 NYC’s MTA votes to ban cigarette ads on Jan 1, 1993
  • 1992 Supreme Court rules fund soliciting can be banned at airports
  • 1993 NHL Draft: Victoriaville Tigres (QMJHL) center Alexandre Daigle first pick by Ottawa Senators
  • 1993 Rebecca Jones, 18, of Georgia, crowned America’s Junior Miss

Event of Interest

1993 The U.S. launches a cruise missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H. W. Bush in April in Kuwait.

  • 1994 104°F (40°C) at Denver, Colorado
  • 1994 107°F (41.6°C) at Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • 1994 112°F (44.4°C) at El Paso, Texas
  • 1994 122°F (50°C) at Laughlin, Nevada
  • 1994 126°F (52.2°C) in Death Valley, California
  • 1994 Air Ivory Fokker-27 crashes at Abidjan (16 killed/1 lives)

Assassination Attempt on Hosni Mubarak

1995 Gunmen ambush Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak who escapes unharmed

  • 1995 Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani deposes his father Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar, in a bloodless coup.
  • 1995 Karlheinz Stockhausen’s musical piece “Helikopter-Streichquartett” premieres in and above Amsterdam – members of a string quartet perform in individual helicopters flying independent flight paths over Holland with sounds and video transmitted and mixed to audience in the concert hall
  • 1996 Irish Journalist Veronica Guerin is shot in her car while in traffic in the outskirts of Dublin
  • 1996 NBA Draft: Georgetown guard Allen Iverson first pick by Philadelphia 76ers
  • 1997 Galileo, Ganymede Observations (Orbit 9)

Harry Potter Published

1997 Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, 1st book in J. K. Rowling‘s best-selling series, is published

  • 1997 The U.S. Supreme Court upholds doctor-assisted suicide ban
  • 1997 U.S. Supreme Court strikes down the Communications Decency Act, inconsistent with the 1st Amendment
  • 1999 NHL Draft: Long Beach Ice Dogs (IHL) center Patrik Stefan first pick by Atlanta Thrashers
  • 2002 NBA Draft: Shanghai Sharks (China) center Yao Ming first pick by Houston Rockets

NBA Draft

2003 NBA Draft: St. Vincent–St. Mary HS (Akron, Ohio) small forward LeBron James first pick by Cleveland Cavaliers

  • 2003 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Lawrence v. Texas that gender-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional.
  • 2008 NBA Draft: Memphis point guard Derrick Rose first pick by Chicago Bulls
  • 2008 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in District of Columbia v. Heller that the ban on handguns in the District of Columbia is unconstitutional.

Music History

2012 “Good Time” by Owl City (Adam Young) and Carly Rae Jepsen releases, topping charts worldwide and selling 2.24 million copies in the US by the end of 2012

Ice Age: Continental Drift

2012 Animated film “Ice Age: Continental Drift”, directed by Steve Martino and Mike Thurmeier with voices by Ray Romano and John Leguizamo premieres in Buenos Aires

  • 2012 Police procedural drama “Line of Duty” debuts on BBC 2 in the UK
  • 2013 20 people are killed after a rescue helicopter crashes in Uttarakhand
  • 2013 Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard in a leadership battle to become Australian Prime Minister
  • 2014 Following the military coup in Thailand, people are warned that anyone calling for protest on social media will be prosecuted for sedition

Sports History

2014 Joel Embiid is selected with the third overall pick by the Philadelphia 76ers in the 2014 NBA draft

2014 Luis Suárez is expelled from the 2014 FIFA World Cup following his biting incident

  • 2014 NBA Draft: Kansas small forward Andrew Wiggins first pick by Cleveland Cavaliers

Important Vote

2015 Greek Credit Crisis: Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras calls for a Greek referendum on new bailout terms

  • 2015 Gunman opens fire at beach resort in Sousse, Tunisia, killing 38. Isis claims responsibility.
  • 2015 NHL Draft: Erie Otters (OHL) center Connor McDavid #1 pick by the Edmonton Oilers
  • 2015 Saudi suicide bomber kills 27 at Shia Imam al-Sadiq mosque in Kuwait, 227 injured

Event of Interest

2015 US President Barack Obama sings “Amazing Grace” as part of his eulogy for Reverend Clementa Pinckney and 8 church members killed during a bible study in Charleston, South Carolina

  • 2015 US Supreme Court rules 5-4 same-sex marriage is a legal right across all US states
  • 2016 City of Falluja freed from Islamic State control after a month-long campaign by Iraqi forces
  • 2016 Iceland’s presidential election is won by history professor Guðni Jóhannesson
  • 2016 Panama Canal’s third set of locks opens for commercial traffic, doubling the Canal’s capacity at an estimated cost of $5.25 billion

Temer Charged with Corruption

2017 Brazilian state prosecutors file corruption charges against President Michel Temer

  • 2017 Helicopter with rogue police pilot attacks Venezuelan Supreme Court in Caracas

Event of Interest

2017 Theresa May‘s UK Conservative minority party strike deal to govern with Northern Ireland’s DUP with guarantee of 1 billion funding

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What Happened on June 26

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Major Events

  • 363 Roman Emperor Julian is killed during retreat from the Sassanid Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by troops on the battlefield.
  • 1794 Battle of Fleurus: Major victory by forces of the First French Republic under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan over the Coalition Army (Great Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and Habsburgs). First use of a reconnaissance balloon.
  • 1857 The first 62 recipients are awarded the Victoria Cross for valour in the Crimean war by Queen Victoria

Jun 26 in Film & TV

  • 1925 Silent film “The Gold Rush”, directed, starring, and written by Charlie Chaplin, is released; becomes the 5th highest grossing silent film of all time

Jun 26 in Music

  • 1870 Richard Wagner‘s opera “Valkyrie”, second in his Ring Cycle premieres in Munich, featuring “Ride of the Valkyries”

Jun 26 in Sport

Did You Know?

According to the Lüneburg manuscript, a piper leads 130 children of Hamelin away

June 26, 1284


Fun Fact About June 26

The Universal Product Code (UPC) is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of Wrigley’s chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio

June 26, 1974

Articles, Photos and Quiz

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Scientists Crack 30-Year Micronutrient Mystery That Could Be the Key to Cancer and Brain Health

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Human Health Strength Longevity ConceptA hidden gene holds the key to a mysterious nutrient vital to life. The discovery reshapes what we know about diet, disease, and human genetics. An international team of scientists, led by researchers from the University of Florida and Trinity College Dublin, has solved a mystery that has puzzled biologists for decades: how the human […]



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Vanishing Populations: Millions Are Missing From Global Census Counts

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Man Searching Magnifying GlassForeign aid cuts will make the ongoing ‘quiet crisis’ even worse, according to experts. Researchers warn that millions of people worldwide are missing from census and survey data, leaving policymakers without crucial information about the populations they are responsible for. They describe a ‘quiet crisis’ emerging as response rates fall and concerns grow over the […]



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Academia Sinica Announces Fully-Funded Ph.D. Opportunities for 2025: Fostering Global Talent in Taiwan – Media OutReach Newswire

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Academia Sinica Announces Fully-Funded Ph.D. Opportunities for 2025: Fostering Global Talent in Taiwan – Media OutReach Newswire



Academia Sinica Announces Fully-Funded Ph.D. Opportunities for 2025: Fostering Global Talent in Taiwan  Media OutReach Newswire



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Glacier Countdown Begins: 75% Could Vanish Even If Warming Stops

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Shallap glacier in PeruIf global temperatures continue on their current path, up to 75% of the world’s glaciers could disappear over time, even without any further warming. An international study using glacier models shows that even stabilizing temperatures at today’s levels would still cause nearly 40% loss due to the delayed response of glaciers. Researchers stress that every […]



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